anabasis-第7部分

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the　enemy's　centre；　for　there　the　king　was　to　be　found：　〃And　if　we　strike　home　at　this　point；〃　he　added；　〃our　work　is　finished。〃　Clearchus；　though　he　could　see　the　compact　body　at　the　centre；　and　had　been　told　by　Cyrus　that　the　king　lay　outside　the　Hellenic　left　（for；　owing　to　numerical　superiority；　the　king；　while　holding　his　own　centre；　could　well　overlap　Cyrus's　extreme　left）；　still　hesitated　to　draw　off　his　right　wing　from　the　river；　for　fear　of　being　turned　on　both　flanks；　and　he　simply　replied；　assuring　Cyrus　that　he　would　take　care　all　went　well。

At　this　time　the　barbarian　army　was　evenly　advancing；　and　the　Hellenic　division　was　still　riveted　to　the　spot；　completing　its　formation　as　the　various　contingents　came　up。　Cyrus；　riding　past　at　some　distance　from　the　lines；　glanced　his　eye　first　in　one　direction　and　then　in　the　other；　so　as　to　take　a　complete　survey　of　friends　and　foes；　when　Xenophon　the　Athenian；　seeing　him；　rode　up　from　the　Hellenic　quarter　to　meet　him；　asking　him　whether　he　had　any　orders　to　give。　Cyrus；　pulling　up　his　horse；　begged　him　to　make　the　announcement　generally　known　that　the　omens　from　the　victims；　internal　and　external　alike；　were　good＇3＇。　While　he　was　still　speaking；　he　heard　a　confused　murmur　　　16　passing　through　the　ranks；　and　asked　what　it　meant。　The　other　replied　that　it　was　the　watchword　being　passed　down　for　the　second　time。　Cyrus　wondered　who　had　given　the　order；　and　asked　what　the　watchword　was。　On　being　told　it　was　〃Zeus　our　Saviour　and　Victory；〃　he　replied；　〃I　accept　it；　so　let　it　be；〃　and　with　that　remark　rode　away　to　his　own　position。　And　now　the　two　battle　lines　were　no　more　than　three　or　four　furlongs　apart；　when　the　Hellenes　began　chanting　the　paean；　and　at　the　same　time　advanced　against　the　enemy。

＇3＇　I。e。　the　omens　from　inspecting　the　innards　of　the　victims；　and　the　　　　　omens　from　the　acts　and　movements　of　the　victims。

But　with　the　forward　movement　a　certain　portion　of　the　line　curved　onwards　in　advance；　with　wave…like　sinuosity；　and　the　portion　left　behind　quickened　to　a　run；　and　simultaneously　a　thrilling　cry　burst　from　all　lips；　like　that　in　honour　of　the　war…godeleleu！　eleleu！　and　the　running　became　general。　Some　say　they　clashed　their　shields　and　spears；　thereby　causing　terror　to　the　horses＇4＇；　and　before　they　had　got　within　arrowshot　the　barbarians　swerved　and　took　to　flight。　And　now　the　Hellenes　gave　chase　with　might　and　main；　checked　only　by　shouts　to　one　another　not　to　race；　but　to　keep　their　ranks。　The　enemy's　chariots；　reft　of　their　charioteers；　swept　onwards；　some　through　the　enemy　themselves；　others　past　the　Hellenes。　They；　as　they　saw　them　coming；　opened　a　gap　and　let　them　pass。　One　fellow；　like　some　dumbfoundered　mortal　on　a　racecourse；　was　caught　by　the　heels；　but　even　he；　they　said；　received　no　hurt；　nor　indeed；　with　the　single　exception　of　some　one　on　the　left　wing　who　was　said　to　have　been　wounded　by　an　arrow；　did　any　Hellene　in　this　battle　suffer　a　single　hurt。

＇4＇　Some　critics　regard　this　sentence　as　an　editor's　or　commentator's　　　　　note。

Cyrus；　seeing　the　Hellene's　conquering；　as　far　as　they　at　any　rate　were　concerned；　and　in　hot　pursuit；　was　well　content；　but　in　spite　of　his　joy　and　the　salutations　offered　him　at　that　moment　by　those　about　　　21　him；　as　though　he　were　already　king；　he　was　not　led　away　to　join　in　the　pursuit；　but　keeping　his　squadron　of　six　hundred　horsemen　in　cloe　order；　waited　and　watched　to　see　what　the　king　himself　would　do。　The　king；　he　knew；　held　the　centre　of　the　Persian　army。　Indeed　it　is　the　fashion　for　the　Asiatic　monarch　to　occupy　that　position　during　action；　for　this　twofold　reason：　he　holds　the　safest　place；　with　his　troops　on　either　side　of　him；　while；　if　he　has　occasion　to　despatch　any　necessary　rider　along　the　lines；　his　troops　will　receive　the　message　in　half　the　time。　The　king　accordingly　on　this　occasion　held　the　centre　of　his　army；　but　for　all　that；　he　was　outside　Cyrus's　left　wing；　and　seeing　that　no　one　offered　him　battle　in　front；　nor　yet　the　troops　in　front　of　him；　he　wheeled　as　if　to　encircle　the　enemy。　It　was　then　that　Cyrus；　in　apprehension　lest　the　king　might　get　round　to　the　rear　and　cut　to　pieces　the　Hellenic　body；　charged　to　meet　him。　Attacking　with　his　six　hundred；　he　mastered　the　line　of　troops　in　front　of　the　king；　and　put　to　flight　the　six　thousand；　cutting　down；　as　is　said；　with　his　own　hand　their　general；　Artagerses。

But　as　soon　as　the　rout　commenced；　Cyrus's　own　six　hundred　themselves；　in　the　ardour　of　pursuit；　were　scattered；　with　the　exception　of　a　handful　who　were　left　with　Cyrus　himselfchiefly　his　table　companions；　so…called。　Left　alone　with　these；　he　caught　sight　of　the　king；　and　the　close　throng　about　him。　Unable　longer　to　contain　himself；　with　a　cry；　〃I　see　the　man；〃　he　rushed　at　him　and　dealt　a　blow　at　his　chest；　wounding　him　through　the　corselet。　This；　according　to　the　statement　of　Ctesias　the　surgeon＇5＇；　who　further　states　that　he　himself　healed　the　wound。　As　Cyrus　delivered　the　blow；　some　one　struck　him　with　a　javelin　under　the　eye　severely；　and　in　the　struggle　which　then　ensued　between　the　king　and　Cyrus　and　those　about　them　to　protect　one　or　other；　we　have　the　statement　of　Ctesias　as　to　the　number　slain　　　27　on　the　king's　side；　for　he　was　by　his　side。　On　the　other；　Cyrus　himself　fell；　and　eight　of　his　bravest　companions　lay　on　the　top　of　him。　The　story　says　that　Artapes；　the　trustiest　among　his　wand…wearers；　when　he　saw　that　Cyrus　had　fallen　to　the　ground；　leapt　from　his　horse　and　threw　his　arms　about　him。　Then；　as　one　account　says；　the　king　bade　one　slay　him　as　a　worthy　victim　to　his　brother：　others　say　that　Artapates　drew　his　scimitar　and　slew　himself　by　his　own　hand。　A　golden　scimitar　it　is　true；　he　had；　he　wore　also　a　collar　and　bracelets　and　the　other　ornaments　such　as　the　noblest　Persians　wear；　for　his　kindliness　and　fidelity　had　won　him　honours　at　the　hands　of　Cyrus。

＇5＇　〃Ctesias；　the　son　of　Ctesiochus；　was　a　physician　of　Cnidos。　　　　　Seventeen　years　of　his　life　were　passed　at　the　court　of　Persia；　　　　　fourteen　in　the　service　of　Darios；　three　in　that　of　Artaxerxes；　he　　　　　returned　to　Greece　in　398　B。C。；〃　and　〃was　employed　by　Artaxerxes　　　　　in　diplomatic　services。〃　See　Mure；　also　Ch。　Muller；　for　his　life　　　　　and　works。　He　wrote　（1）　a　history　on　Persian　affairs　in　three　　　　　partsAssyrian；　Median；　Persianwith　a　chapter　〃On　Tributes；〃　　　　　（2）　a　history　of　Indian　affairs　（written　in　the　vein　of　Sir　John　　　　　Maundeville；　Kt。）；　（3）　a　Periplus；　（4）　a　treatise　on　Mountains；　　　　　（5）　a　treatise　on　Rivers。



IX

So　died　Cyrus；　a　man　the　kingliest＇1＇　and　most　worthy　to　rule　of　all　　　　1　the　Persians　who　have　lived　since　the　elder　Cyrus：　according　to　the　concurrent　testimony　of　all　who　are　reputed　to　have　known　him　intimately。　To　begin　from　the　beginning；　when　still　a　boy；　and　whilst　being　brought　up　with　his　brother　and　the　other　lads；　his　unrivalled　excellence　was　recognised。　For　the　sons　of　the　noblest　Persians；　it　must　be　known；　are　brought　up；　one　and　all；　at　the　king's　portals。　Here　lessons　of　sobreity　and　self…control　may　largely　be　laid　to　heart；　while　there　is　nothing　base　or　ugly　for　eye　or　ear　to　feed　upon。　There　is　the　daily　spectacle　ever　before　the　boys　of　some　receiving　honour　from　the　king；　and　again　of　others　receiving　dishonour；　and　the　tale　of　all　this　is　in　their　ears；　so　that　from　earliest　boyhood　they　learn　how　to　rule　and　to　be　ruled。

＇1＇　The　character　now　to　be　drawn　is　afterwards　elaborated　into　the　　　　　Cyrus　of　the　Cyropaedeia。

In　this　courtly　training　Cyrus　earned　a　double　reputation；　first　he　was　held　to　be　a　paragon　of　modesty　among　his　fellows；　rendering　an　obedience　to　his　elders　which　exceeded　that　of　many　of　his　own　inferiors；　and　next　he　bore　away　the　palm　for　skill　in　horsemanship　and　for　love　of　the　animal　itself。　Nor　less　in　matters　of　war；　in　the　use　of　the　bow　and　the　javelin；　was　he　held　by　men　in　general　to　be　at　　5　once　the　aptest　of　learners　and　the　most　eager　practiser。　As　soon　as　his　age　permitted；　the　same　pre…eminence　showed　itself　in　his　fondness　for　the　chase；　not　without　a　certain　appetite　for　perilous　adventure　in　facing　the　wild　beasts　themselves。　Once　a　bear　made　a　furious　rush　at　him＇2＇；　and　without　wincing　he　grappled　with　her；　and　was　pulled　from　his　horse；　receiving　wounds　the　scars　of　which　were　visible　through　life；　but　in　the　end　he　slew　the　creature；　nor　did　he　forget　him　who　first　came　to　his　aid；　but　made　him　enviable　in　the　eyes　of　many。

＇2＇　The　elder　Cyrus；　when　a　boy；　kills　not　a　bear　but　a　boar。

After　he　had　been　sent　down　by　his　father　to　be　satrap　of　Lydia　and　Great　Phrygia　and　Cappadocia；　and　had　been　appointed　general　of　the　forces；　whose　business　it　is　to　muster　in　the　plain　of　the　Castolus；　nothing　was　more　noticeable　in　his　conduct　than　the　importance　which　he　attached　to　the　faithful　fulfilment　of　every　treaty　or　compact　or　undertaking　entered　into　with　others。　He　would　tell　no　lies　to　any　one。　Thus　doubtless　it　was　that　he　won　the　confidence　alike　of　individuals　and　of　the　communities　entrusted　to　his　care；　or　in　case　of　hostility；　a　treaty　made　with　Cyrus　was　a　guarantee　sufficient　to　the　combatant　that　he　would　suffer　nothing　contrary　to　its　terms。　Therefore；　in　the　war　with　Tissaphernes；　all　the　states　of　their　own　accord　chose　Cyrus　in　lieu　of　Tissaphernes；　except　only　the　men　of　Miletus；　and　these　were　only　alienated　through　fear　of　him；　because　he　refused　to　abandon　their　exiled　citizens；　and　his　deeds　and　words　bore　emphatic　witness　to　his　principle：　even　if　they　were　weakened　in　number　or　in　fortune；　he　would　never　abandon　those　who　had　once　become　his　friends。

He　made　no　secret　of　his　endeavour　to　outdo　his　friends　and　his　foes　alike　in　reciprocity　of　conduct。　The　prayer　has　been　attributed　to　him；　〃God　grant　I　may　live　along　enough　to　recompense　my　friends　and　requite　my　foes　with　a　strong　arm。〃　However　this　may　be；　no　one；　at　least　in　our　days；　ever　drew　together　so　ardent　a　following　of　friends；　eager　to　lay　at　his　feet　their　money；　their　cities；　their　own　lives　and　persons；　nor　is　it　to　be　inferred　from　this　that　he　suffered　the　malefactor　and　the　wrongdoer　to　laugh　him　to　scorn；　on　the　　　　　　　　　　13　contrary；　these　he　punished　most　unflinchingly。　It　was　no　rare　sight　to　see　on　the　well…tr