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one。　Accordingly；　Clearchus　did　not　ascend　the　crest；　but　posting　his　army　at　its　base；　he　sent　Lycius　of　Syracuse　and　another　to　the　summit；　with　orders　to　inspect　the　condition　of　things　on　the　other　side；　and　to　report　results。　Lycius　galloped　up　and　investigated；　bringing　back　news　that　they　were　fleeing　might　and　main。　Almost　at　that　instant　the　sun　sank　beneath　the　horizon。　There　the　Hellenes　halted；　they　grounded　arms　and　rested；　marvelling　the　while　that　Cyrus　was　not　anywhere　to　be　seen；　and　that　no　messenger　had　come　from　him。　For　they　were　in　complete　ignorance　of　his　death；　and　conjectured　that　either　he　had　gone　off　in　pursuit；　or　had　pushed　forward　to　occupy　some　point。　Left　to　themselves；　they　now　deliberated；　whether　they　should　stay　where　they　were　and　have　the　baggage　train　brought　up；　or　should　return　to　camp。　They　resolved　to　return；　and　about　supper　time　reached　the　tents。　Such　was　the　conclusion　of　this　day。

They　found　the　larger　portion　of　their　property　pillaged；　eatables　and　drinkables　alike；　not　excepting　the　wagons　laden　with　corn　and　wine；　which　Cyrus　had　prepared　in　case　of　some　extreme　need　overtaking　the　expedition；　to　divide　among　the　Hellenes。　There　were　four　hundred　of　these　wagons；　it　was　said；　and　these　had　now　been　ransacked　by　the　king　and　his　men；　so　that　the　greater　number　of　the　Hellenes　went　supperless；　having　already　gone　without　their　breakfasts；　since　the　king　had　appeared　before　the　usual　halt　for　breakfast。　Accordingly；　in　no　better　plight　than　this　they　passed　the　night。




BOOK　II

＇In　the　previous　book　will　be　found　a　full　account　of　the　method　by　which　Cyrus　collected　a　body　of　Greeks　when　meditating　an　expedition　against　his　brother　Artaxerxes；　as　also　of　various　occurrences　on　the　march　up；　of　the　battle　itself；　and　of　the　death　of　Cyrus；　and　lastly；　a　description　of　the　arrival　of　the　Hellenes　in　camp　after　the　battle；　and　as　to　how　they　betook　themselves　to　rest；　none　suspecting　but　what　they　were　altogether　victorious　and　that　Cyrus　lived。＇



I

With　the　break　of　day　the　generals　met；　and　were　surprised　that　Cyrus　　　1　should　not　have　appeared　himself；　or　at　any　rate　have　sent　some　one　to　tell　them　what　to　do。　Accordingly；　they　resolved　to　put　what　they　had　together；　to　get　under　arms；　and　to　push　forward　until　they　effected　junction　with　Cyrus。　Just　as　they　were　on　the　point　of　starting；　with　the　rising　sun　came　Procles　the　ruler　of　Teuthrania。　He　was　a　descendant　of　Damaratus＇1＇　the　Laconian；　and　with　him　also　came　Glus　the　son　of　Tamos。　These　two　told　them；　first；　that　Cyrus　was　dead；　next；　that　Ariaeus　had　retreated　with　the　rest　of　the　barbarians　to　the　halting…place　whence　they　had　started　at　dawn　on　the　previous　day；　and　wished　to　inform　them　that；　if　they　were　minded　to　come；　he　would　wait　for　this　one　day；　but　on　the　morrow　he　should　return　home　again　to　Ionia；　whence　he　came。

＇1＇　The　Spartan　king　who　was　deposed　in　B。C。　491；　whereupon　he　fled　to　　　　　King　Darius；　and　settled　in　south…western　Mysia。　See　Herod。　vi。　　　　　50；　61…70。　We　shall　hear　more　of　his　descendant；　Procles；　the　　　　　ruler　of　Teuthrania；　in　the　last　chapter　of　this　work。

When　they　heard　these　tidings；　the　generals　were　sorely　distressed；　so　　4　too　were　the　rest　of　the　Hellenes　when　they　were　informed　of　it。　Then　Clearchus　spoke　as　follows：　〃Would　that　Cyrus　were　yet　alive！　But　since　he　is　dead；　take　back　this　answer　to　Ariaeus；　that　we；　at　any　rate；　have　conquered　the　king；　and；　as　you　yourselves　may　see；　there　is　not　a　man　left　in　the　field　to　meet　us。　Indeed；　had　you　not　arrived；　we　should　ere　this　have　begun　our　march　upon　the　king。　Now；　we　can　promise　to　Ariaeus　that；　if　he　will　join　us　here；　we　will　place　him　on　the　king's　throne。　Surely　to　those　who　conquer　empire　pertains。〃　With　these　words　he　sent　back　the　messengers　and　with　them　he　sent　Cheirisophus　the　Laconian；　and　Menon　the　Thessalian。　That　was　what　Menon　himself　wished；　being；　as　he　was；　a　friend　and　intimate　of　Ariaeus；　and　bound　by　mutual　ties　of　hospitality。　So　these　set　off；　and　Clearchus　waited　for　them。

The　soldiers　furnished　themselves　with　food　＇and　drink＇　as　best　they　mightfalling　back　on　the　baggage　animals；　and　cutting　up　oxen　and　asses。　There　was　no　lack　of　firewood；　they　need　only　step　forward　a　few　paces　from　the　line　where　the　battle　was　fought；　and　they　would　find　arrows　to　hand　in　abundance；　which　the　Hellenes　had　forced　the　deserters　from　the　king　to　throw　away。　There　were　arrows　and　wicker　shields　also；　and　the　huge　wooden　shields　of　the　Egyptians。　There　were　many　targets　also；　and　empty　wagons　left　to　be　carried　off。　Here　was　a　store　which　they　were　not　slow　to　make　use　of　to　cook　their　meat　and　serve　their　meals　that　day。

It　was　now　about　full　market　hour＇2＇　when　heralds　from　the　king　and　Tissaphernes　arrived。　These　were　barbarians　with　one　exception。　This　was　a　certain　Phalinus；　a　Hellene　who　lived　at　the　court　of　Tissaphernes；　and　was　held　in　high　esteem。　He　gave　himself　out　to　be　a　connoisseur　of　tactics　and　the　art　of　fighting　with　heavy　arms。　These　were　the　men　who　now　came　up；　and　having　summoned　the　generals　of　the　Hellenes；　they　delivered　themselves　of　the　following　message：　〃The　great　king　having　won　the　victory　and　slain　Cyrus；　bids　the　Hellenes　to　surrender　their　arms；　to　betake　themselves　to　the　gates　of　the　king's　palace；　and　there　obtain　for　themselves　what　terms　they　can。〃　That　was　what　the　heralds　said；　and　the　Hellenes　listened　with　heavy　　　　9　hearts；　but　Clearchus　spoke；　and　his　words　were　few；　〃Conquerors　do　not；　as　a　rule；　give　up　their　arms〃；　then　turning　to　the　others　he　added；　〃I　leave　it　to　you；　my　fellow…generals；　to　make　the　best　and　noblest　answer；　that　ye　may；　to　these　gentlemen。　I　will　rejoin　you　presently。〃　At　the　moment　an　official　had　summoned　him　to　come　and　look　at　the　entrails　which　had　been　taken　out；　for；　as　it　chanced；　he　was　engaged　in　sacrificing。　As　soon　as　he　was　gone；　Cleanor　the　Arcadian；　by　right　of　seniority；　answered：　〃They　would　sooner　die　than　give　up　their　arms。〃　Then　Proxenus　the　Theban　said：　〃For　my　part；　I　marvel　if　the　king　demands　our　arms　as　our　master；　or　for　the　sake　of　friendship　merely；　as　presents。　If　as　our　master；　why　need　he　ask　for　them　rather　than　come　and　take　them？　But　if　he　would　fain　wheedle　us　out　of　them　by　fine　speeches；　he　should　tell　us　what　the　soldiers　will　receive　in　turn　for　such　kindness。〃　In　answer　to　him　Phalinus　said：　〃The　king　claims　to　have　conquered；　because　he　has　put　Cyrus　to　death；　and　who　is　there　now　to　claim　the　kingdom　as　against　himself？　He　further　flatters　himself　that　you　also　are　in　his　power；　since　he　holds　you　in　the　heart　of　his　country；　hemmed　in　by　impassable　rivers；　and　he　can　at　any　moment　bring　against　you　a　multitude　so　vast　that　even　if　leave　were　given　to　rise　and　slay　you　could　not　kill　them。〃　After　him　Theopompus＇3＇　the　Athenian　spoke。　〃Phalinus；〃　he　said；　〃at　this　instant；　as　you　yourself　can　see；　we　have　nothing　left　but　our　arms　and　our　valour。　If　we　keep　the　former　we　imagine　we　can　make　use　of　the　latter；　but　if　we　deliver　up　our　arms　we　shall　presently　be　robbed　of　our　lives。　Do　not　suppose　then　that　we　are　going　to　give　up　to　you　the　only　good　things　which　we　possess。　We　prefer　to　keep　them；　and　by　their　help　we　will　do　battle　with　you　for　the　good　things　which　are　yours。〃　Phalinus　laughed　when　he　heard　those　words；　and　said：　　　　　　　13　〃Spoken　like　a　philosopher；　my　fine　young　man；　and　very　pretty　reasoning　too；　yet；　let　me　tell　you；　your　wits　are　somewhat　scattered　if　you　imagine　that　your　valour　will　get　the　better　of　the　king's　power。〃　There　were　one　or　two　others；　it　was　said；　who　with　a　touch　of　weakness　in　their　tone　or　argument；　made　answer：　〃They　had　proved　good　and　trusty　friends　to　Cyrus；　and　the　king　might　find　them　no　less　valuable。　If　he　liked　to　be　friends　with　them；　he　might　turn　them　to　any　use　that　pleased　his　fancy；　say　for　a　campaign　against　Egypt。　Their　arms　were　at　his　service；　they　would　help　to　lay　that　country　at　his　feet。〃

＇2＇　10　A。M。

＇3＇　So　the　best　MSS。　Others　read　〃Xenophon；〃　which　Kruger　maintains　to　　　　　be　the　true　reading。　He　suggests　that　〃Theopompus〃　may　have　crept　　　　　into　the　text　from　a　marginal　note　of　a　scholiast；　〃Theopompus〃　　　　　（the　historian）　〃gives　the　remark　to　Proxenus。〃

Just　then　Clearchus　returned；　and　wished　to　know　what　answer　they　had　given。　The　words　were　barely　out　of　his　mouth　before　Phalinus　interrupting；　answered：　〃As　for　your　friends　here；　one　says　one　thing　and　one　another；　will　you　please　give　us　your　opinion〃；　and　he　replied：　〃The　sight　of　you；　Phalinus；　caused　me　much　pleasure；　and　not　only　me；　but　all　of　us；　I　feel　sure；　for　you　are　a　Hellene　even　as　we　areevery　one　of　us　whom　you　see　before　you。　In　our　present　plight　we　would　like　to　take　you　into　our　counsel　as　to　what　we　had　better　do　touching　your　proposals。　I　beg　you　then　solemnly；　in　the　sight　of　heavendo　you　tender　us　such　advice　as　you　shall　deem　best　and　worthiest；　and　such　as　shall　bring　you　honour　of　after　time；　when　it　will　be　said　of　you　how　once　on　a　time　Phalinus　was　sent　by　the　great　king　to　bid　certain　Hellenes　yield　up　their　arms；　and　when　they　had　taken　him　into　their　counsel；　he　gave　them　such　and　such　advice。　You　know　that　whatever　advice　you　do　give　us　cannot　fail　to　be　reported　in　Hellas。〃

Clearchus　threw　out　these　leading　remarks　in　hopes　that　this　man；　who　was　the　ambassador　from　the　king；　might　himself　be　led　to　advise　them　not　to　give　up　their　arms；　in　which　case　the　Hellenes　would　be　still　more　sanguine　and　hopeful。　But；　contrary　to　his　expectation；　Phalinus　turned　round　and　said：　〃I　say　that　if　you　have　one　chance；　one　hope　in　ten　thousand　to　wage　a　war　with　the　king　successfully；　do　not　give　up　your　arms。　That　is　my　advice。　If；　however；　you　have　no　chance　of　escape　without　the　king's　consent；　then　I　say　save　yourselves　in　the　only　way　you　can。〃　And　Clearchus　answered：　〃So；　then；　that　is　your　　　　　　20　deliberate　view？　Well；　this　is　our　answer；　take　it　back。　We　conceive　that　in　either　case；　whether　we　are　expected　to　be　friends　with　the　king；　we　shall　be　worth　more　as　friends　if　we　keep　our　arms　than　if　we　yield　them　to　another；　or　whether　we　are　to　go　to　war；　we　shall　fight　better　with　them　than　without。〃　And　Phalinus　said：　〃That　answer　w