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politic to strike a blow。  He struck it; with what seemed to be 

success; and the sound of it roused Samoa to rebellion。



About two in the morning of August 31st; Apia was wakened by men 

marching。  Day came; and Brandeis and his war…party were already 

long disappeared in the woods。  All morning belated Tamaseseites 

were still to be seen running with their guns。  All morning shots 

were listened for in vain; but over the top of the forest; far up 

the mountain; smoke was for some time observed to hang。  About ten 

a dead man was carried in; lashed under a pole like a dead pig; his 

rosary (for he was a Catholic) hanging nearly to the ground。  Next 

came a young fellow wounded; sitting in a rope swung from a pole; 

two fellows bearing him; two running behind for a relief。  At last 

about eleven; three or four heavy volleys and a great shouting were 

heard from the bush town Tanungamanono; the affair was over; the 

victorious force; on the march back; was there celebrating its 

victory by the way。  Presently after; it marched through Apia; five 

or six hundred strong; in tolerable order and strutting with the 

ludicrous assumption of the triumphant islander。  Women who had 

been buying bread ran and gave them loaves。  At the tail end came 

Brandeis himself; smoking a cigar; deadly pale; and with perhaps an 

increase of his usual nervous manner。  One spoke to him by the way。  

He expressed his sorrow the action had been forced on him。  〃Poor 

people; it's all the worse for them!〃 he said。  〃It'll have to be 

done another way now。〃  And it was supposed by his hearer that he 

referred to intervention from the German war…ships。  He meant; he 

said; to put a stop to head…hunting; his men had taken two that 

day; he added; but he had not suffered them to bring them in; and 

they had been left in Tanungamanono。  Thither my informant rode; 

was attracted by the sound of walling; and saw in a house the two 

heads washed and combed; and the sister of one of the dead 

lamenting in the island fashion and kissing the cold face。  Soon 

after; a small grave was dug; the heads were buried in a beef box; 

and the pastor read the service。  The body of Saifaleupolu himself 

was recovered unmutilated; brought down from the forest; and buried 

behind Apia。



The same afternoon; the men of Vaimaunga were ordered to report in 

Mulinuu; where Tamasese's flag was half…masted for the death of a 

chief in the skirmish。  Vaimaunga is that district of Taumasanga 

which includes the bay and the foothills behind Apia; and both 

province and district are strong Malietoa。  Not one man; it is 

said; obeyed the summons。  Night came; and the town lay in unusual 

silence; no one abroad; the blinds down around the native houses; 

the men within sleeping on their arms; the old women keeping watch 

in pairs。  And in the course of the two following days all 

Vaimaunga was gone into the bush; the very gaoler setting free his 

prisoners and joining them in their escape。  Hear the words of the 

chiefs in the 23rd article of their complaint: 〃Some of the chiefs 

fled to the bush from fear of being reported; fear of German men…

of…war; constantly being accused; etc。; and Brandeis commanded that 

they were to be shot on sight。  This act was carried out by 

Brandeis on the 31st day of August; 1888。  After this we evaded 

these laws; we could not stand them; our patience was worn out with 

the constant wickedness of Tamasese and Brandeis。  We were tired 

out and could stand no longer the acts of these two men。〃



So through an ill…timed skirmish; two severed heads; and a dead 

body; the rule of Brandeis came to a sudden end。  We shall see him 

a while longer fighting for existence in a losing battle; but his 

government … take it for all in all; the most promising that has 

ever been in these unlucky islands … was from that hour a piece of 

history。







CHAPTER V … THE BATTLE OF MATAUTU

SEPTEMBER 1888







THE revolution had all the character of a popular movement。  Many 

of the high chiefs were detained in Mulinuu; the commons trooped to 

the bush under inferior leaders。  A camp was chosen near Faleula; 

threatening Mulinuu; well placed for the arrival of recruits and 

close to a German plantation from which the force could be 

subsisted。  Manono came; all Tuamasanga; much of Savaii; and part 

of Aana; Tamasese's own government and titular seat。  Both sides 

were arming。  It was a brave day for the trader; though not so 

brave as some that followed; when a single cartridge is said to 

have been sold for twelve cents currency … between nine and ten 

cents gold。  Yet even among the traders a strong party feeling 

reigned; and it was the common practice to ask a purchaser upon 

which side he meant to fight。



On September 5th; Brandeis published a letter: 〃To the chiefs of 

Tuamasanga; Manono; and Faasaleleanga in the Bush:  Chiefs; by 

authority of his majesty Tamasese; the king of Samoa; I make known 

to you all that the German man…of…war is about to go together with 

a Samoan fleet for the purpose of burning Manono。  After this 

island is all burnt; 'tis good if the people return to Manono and 

live quiet。  To the people of Faasaleleanga I say; return to your 

houses and stop there。  The same to those belonging to Tuamasanga。  

If you obey this instruction; then you will all be forgiven; if you 

do not obey; then all your villages will be burnt like Manono。  

These instructions are made in truth in the sight of God in the 

Heaven。〃  The same morning; accordingly; the ADLER steamed out of 

the bay with a force of Tamasese warriors and some native boats in 

tow; the Samoan fleet in question。  Manono was shelled; the 

Tamasese warriors; under the conduct of a Manono traitor; who paid 

before many days the forfeit of his blood; landed and did some 

damage; but were driven away by the sight of a force returning from 

the mainland; no one was hurt; for the women and children; who 

alone remained on the island; found a refuge in the bush; and the 

ADLER and her acolytes returned the same evening。  The letter had 

been energetic; the performance fell below the programme。  The 

demonstration annoyed and yet re…assured the insurgents; and it 

fully disclosed to the Germans a new enemy。



Captain Yon Widersheim had been relieved。  His successor; Captain 

Fritze; was an officer of a different stamp。  I have nothing to say 

of him but good; he seems to have obeyed the consul's requisitions 

with secret distaste; his despatches were of admirable candour; but 

his habits were retired; he spoke little English; and was far 

indeed from inheriting von Widersheim's close relations with 

Commander Leary。  It is believed by Germans that the American 

officer resented what he took to be neglect。  I mention this; not 

because I believe it to depict Commander Leary; but because it is 

typical of a prevailing infirmity among Germans in Samoa。  Touchy 

themselves; they read all history in the light of personal affronts 

and tiffs; and I find this weakness indicated by the big thumb of 

Bismarck; when he places 〃sensitiveness to small disrespects … 

EMPFINDLICHKEIT UEBER MANGEL AN RESPECT;〃 among the causes of the 

wild career of Knappe。  Whatever the cause; at least; the natives 

had no sooner taken arms than Leary appeared with violence upon 

that side。  As early as the 3rd; he had sent an obscure but 

menacing despatch to Brandeis。  On the 6th; he fell on Fritze in 

the matter of the Manono bombardment。  〃The revolutionists;〃 he 

wrote; 〃had an armed force in the field within a few miles of this 

harbour; when the vessels under your command transported the 

Tamasese troops to a neighbouring island with the avowed intention 

of making war on the isolated homes of the women and children of 

the enemy。  Being the only other representative of a naval power 

now present in this harbour; for the sake of humanity I hereby 

respectfully and solemnly protest in the name of the United States 

of America and of the civilised world in general against the use of 

a national war…vessel for such services as were yesterday rendered 

by the German corvette ADLER。〃  Fritze's reply; to the effect that 

he is under the orders of the consul and has no right of choice; 

reads even humble; perhaps he was not himself vain of the exploit; 

perhaps not prepared to see it thus described in words。  From that 

moment Leary was in the front of the row。  His name is diagnostic; 

but it was not required; on every step of his subsequent action in 

Samoa Irishman is writ large; over all his doings a malign spirit 

of humour presided。  No malice was too small for him; if it were 

only funny。  When night signals were made from Mulinuu; he would 

sit on his own poop and confound them with gratuitous rockets。  He 

was at the pains to write a letter and address it to 〃the High 

Chief Tamasese〃 … a device as old at least as the wars of Robert 

Bruce … in order to bother the officials of the German post…office; 

in whose hands he persisted in leaving it; although the address was 

death to them and the distribution of letters in Samoa formed no 

part of their profession。  His great masterwork of pleasantry; the 

Scanlon affair; must be narrated in its place。  And he was no less 

bold than comical。  The ADAMS was not supposed to be a match for 

the ADLER; there was no glory to be gained in beating her; and yet 

I have heard naval officers maintain she might have proved a 

dangerous antagonist in narrow waters and at short range。  

Doubtless Leary thought so。  He was continually daring Fritze to 

come on; and already; in a despatch of the 9th; I find Becker 

complaining of his language in the hearing of German officials; and 

how he had declared that; on the ADLER again interfering; he would 

interfere himself; 〃if he went to the bottom for it … UND WENN SEIN 

SCHIFF DABEI ZU GRUND

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