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mark twain, a biography, 1835-1866-µÚ25²¿·Ö

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East¡¡Tennessee¡¡studying¡¡law£»¡¡then¡¡he¡¡set¡¡himself¡¡to¡¡the¡¡all¡¡but¡¡hopeless
task¡¡of¡¡trying¡¡to¡¡bring¡¡Henry¡¡back¡¡to¡¡life¡£¡¡¡¡Many¡¡Memphis¡¡ladies¡¡were
acting¡¡as¡¡nurses£»¡¡and¡¡one£»¡¡a¡¡Miss¡¡Wood£»¡¡attracted¡¡by¡¡the¡¡boy's¡¡youth¡¡and
striking¡¡features£»¡¡joined¡¡in¡¡the¡¡desperate¡¡effort¡£¡¡¡¡Some¡¡medical¡¡students
had¡¡come¡¡to¡¡assist¡¡the¡¡doctors£»¡¡and¡¡one¡¡of¡¡these¡¡also¡¡took¡¡special
interest¡¡in¡¡Henry's¡¡case¡£¡¡¡¡Dr¡£¡¡Peyton£»¡¡an¡¡old¡¡Memphis¡¡practitioner£»
declared¡¡that¡¡with¡¡such¡¡care¡¡the¡¡boy¡¡might¡¡pull¡¡through¡£

But¡¡on¡¡the¡¡fourth¡¡night¡¡he¡¡was¡¡considered¡¡to¡¡be¡¡dying¡£¡¡¡¡Half¡¡delirious
with¡¡grief¡¡and¡¡the¡¡strain¡¡of¡¡watching£»¡¡Samuel¡¡Clemens¡¡wrote¡¡to¡¡his¡¡mother
and¡¡to¡¡his¡¡sister¡­in¡­law¡¡in¡¡Tennessee¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡letter¡¡to¡¡Orion¡¡Clemens's
wife¡¡has¡¡been¡¡preserved¡£

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡MEMPHIS£»¡¡TENN¡££»¡¡Friday£»¡¡June¡¡18£»¡¡1858¡£

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡DEAR¡¡SISTER¡¡MOLLIE£»Long¡¡before¡¡this¡¡reaches¡¡you¡¡my¡¡poor¡¡Henrymy
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡darling£»¡¡my¡¡pride£»¡¡my¡¡glory£»¡¡my¡¡all¡¡will¡¡have¡¡finished¡¡his¡¡blameless
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡career£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡light¡¡of¡¡my¡¡life¡¡will¡¡have¡¡gone¡¡out¡¡in¡¡utter
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡darkness¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡horrors¡¡of¡¡three¡¡days¡¡have¡¡swept¡¡over¡¡methey¡¡have
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡blasted¡¡my¡¡youth¡¡and¡¡left¡¡me¡¡an¡¡old¡¡man¡¡before¡¡my¡¡time¡£¡¡¡¡Mollie£»
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡there¡¡are¡¡gray¡¡hairs¡¡in¡¡my¡¡head¡¡to¡­night¡£¡¡¡¡For¡¡forty¡­eight¡¡hours¡¡I
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡labored¡¡at¡¡the¡¡bedside¡¡of¡¡my¡¡poor¡¡burned¡¡and¡¡bruised¡¡but
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡uncomplaining¡¡brother£»¡¡and¡¡then¡¡the¡¡star¡¡of¡¡my¡¡hope¡¡went¡¡out¡¡and
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡left¡¡me¡¡in¡¡the¡¡gloom¡¡of¡¡despair¡£¡¡¡¡Men¡¡take¡¡me¡¡by¡¡the¡¡hand¡¡and
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡congratulate¡¡me£»¡¡and¡¡call¡¡me¡¡¡¨lucky¡¨¡¡because¡¡I¡¡was¡¡not¡¡on¡¡the
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Pennsylvania¡¡when¡¡she¡¡blew¡¡up£¡¡¡¡¡May¡¡God¡¡forgive¡¡them£»¡¡for¡¡they¡¡know
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡what¡¡they¡¡say¡£

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡was¡¡on¡¡the¡¡Pennsylvania¡¡five¡¡minutes¡¡before¡¡she¡¡left¡¡N¡£¡¡Orleans£»
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡I¡¡must¡¡tell¡¡you¡¡the¡¡truth£»¡¡Molliethree¡¡hundred¡¡human¡¡beings
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡perished¡¡by¡¡that¡¡fearful¡¡disaster¡£¡¡¡¡But¡¡may¡¡God¡¡bless¡¡Memphis£»¡¡the
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡noblest¡¡city¡¡on¡¡the¡¡face¡¡of¡¡the¡¡earth¡£¡¡¡¡She¡¡has¡¡done¡¡her¡¡duty¡¡by
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡these¡¡poor¡¡afflicted¡¡creaturesespecially¡¡Henry£»¡¡for¡¡he¡¡has¡¡had
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡fiveaye£»¡¡ten£»¡¡fifteen£»¡¡twenty¡¡times¡¡the¡¡care¡¡and¡¡attention¡¡that
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡any¡¡one¡¡else¡¡has¡¡had¡£¡¡¡¡Dr¡£¡¡Peyton£»¡¡the¡¡best¡¡physician¡¡in¡¡Memphis¡¡£¨he
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡exactly¡¡like¡¡the¡¡portraits¡¡of¡¡Webster£©£»¡¡sat¡¡by¡¡him¡¡for¡¡36¡¡hours¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡There¡¡are¡¡32¡¡scalded¡¡men¡¡in¡¡that¡¡room£»¡¡and¡¡you¡¡would¡¡know¡¡Dr¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Peyton¡¡better¡¡than¡¡I¡¡can¡¡describe¡¡him¡¡if¡¡you¡¡could¡¡follow¡¡him¡¡around
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡hear¡¡each¡¡man¡¡murmur¡¡as¡¡he¡¡passes£»¡¡¡¨May¡¡the¡¡God¡¡of¡¡Heaven¡¡bless
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡you£»¡¡Doctor£¡¡¨¡¡¡¡The¡¡ladies¡¡have¡¡done¡¡well£»¡¡too¡£¡¡¡¡Our¡¡second¡¡mate£»¡¡a
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡handsome£»¡¡noble¡­hearted¡¡young¡¡fellow£»¡¡will¡¡die¡£¡¡¡¡Yesterday¡¡a
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡beautiful¡¡girl¡¡of¡¡15¡¡stooped¡¡timidly¡¡down¡¡by¡¡his¡¡side¡¡and¡¡handed¡¡him
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡pretty¡¡bouquet¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡poor¡¡suffering¡¡boy's¡¡eyes¡¡kindled£»¡¡his¡¡lips
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡quivered¡¡out¡¡a¡¡gentle¡¡¡¨God¡¡bless¡¡you£»¡¡Miss£»¡¨¡¡and¡¡he¡¡burst¡¡into
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡tears¡£¡¡¡¡He¡¡made¡¡them¡¡write¡¡her¡¡name¡¡on¡¡a¡¡card¡¡for¡¡him£»¡¡that¡¡he¡¡might
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡forget¡¡it¡£

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Pray¡¡for¡¡me£»¡¡Mollie£»¡¡and¡¡pray¡¡for¡¡my¡¡poor¡¡sinless¡¡brother¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Your¡¡unfortunate¡¡brother£»

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡SAML¡£¡¡¡¡L¡£¡¡¡¡CLEMENS¡£

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡P¡£¡¡S¡£I¡¡got¡¡here¡¡two¡¡days¡¡after¡¡Henry¡£


But£»¡¡alas£»¡¡this¡¡was¡¡not¡¡all£»¡¡nor¡¡the¡¡worst¡£¡¡¡¡It¡¡would¡¡seem¡¡that¡¡Samuel
Clemens's¡¡cup¡¡of¡¡remorse¡¡must¡¡be¡¡always¡¡overfull¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡final¡¡draft¡¡that
would¡¡embitter¡¡his¡¡years¡¡was¡¡added¡¡the¡¡sixth¡¡night¡¡after¡¡the¡¡accident
the¡¡night¡¡that¡¡Henry¡¡died¡£¡¡¡¡He¡¡could¡¡never¡¡bring¡¡himself¡¡to¡¡write¡¡it¡£¡¡¡¡He
was¡¡never¡¡known¡¡to¡¡speak¡¡of¡¡it¡¡but¡¡twice¡£

Henry¡¡had¡¡rallied¡¡soon¡¡after¡¡the¡¡foregoing¡¡letter¡¡had¡¡been¡¡mailed£»¡¡and
improved¡¡slowly¡¡that¡¡day¡¡and¡¡the¡¡next£º¡¡Dr¡£¡¡Peyton¡¡came¡¡around¡¡about
eleven¡¡o'clock¡¡on¡¡the¡¡sixth¡¡night¡¡and¡¡made¡¡careful¡¡examination¡£¡¡¡¡He¡¡said£º

¡¨I¡¡believe¡¡he¡¡is¡¡out¡¡of¡¡danger¡¡and¡¡will¡¡get¡¡well¡£¡¡¡¡He¡¡is¡¡likely¡¡to¡¡be
restless¡¡during¡¡the¡¡night£»¡¡the¡¡groans¡¡and¡¡fretting¡¡of¡¡the¡¡others¡¡will
disturb¡¡him¡£¡¡¡¡If¡¡he¡¡cannot¡¡rest¡¡without¡¡it£»¡¡tell¡¡the¡¡physician¡¡in¡¡charge
to¡¡give¡¡him¡¡one¡­eighth¡¡of¡¡a¡¡grain¡¡of¡¡morphine¡£¡¨

The¡¡boy¡¡did¡¡wake¡¡during¡¡the¡¡night£»¡¡and¡¡was¡¡disturbed¡¡by¡¡the¡¡complaining
of¡¡the¡¡other¡¡sufferers¡£¡¡¡¡His¡¡brother¡¡told¡¡the¡¡young¡¡medical¡¡student¡¡in
charge¡¡what¡¡the¡¡doctor¡¡had¡¡said¡¡about¡¡the¡¡morphine¡£¡¡¡¡But¡¡morphine¡¡was¡¡a
new¡¡drug¡¡then£»¡¡the¡¡student¡¡hesitated£»¡¡saying£º

¡¨I¡¡have¡¡no¡¡way¡¡of¡¡measuring¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡don't¡¡know¡¡how¡¡much¡¡an¡¡eighth¡¡of¡¡a¡¡grain
would¡¡be¡£¡¨

Henry¡¡grew¡¡rapidly¡¡worsemore¡¡and¡¡more¡¡restless¡£¡¡¡¡His¡¡brother¡¡was¡¡half
beside¡¡himself¡¡with¡¡the¡¡torture¡¡of¡¡it¡£¡¡¡¡He¡¡went¡¡to¡¡the¡¡medical¡¡student¡£

¡¨If¡¡you¡¡have¡¡studied¡¡drugs£»¡¨¡¡he¡¡said£»¡¡¡¨you¡¡ought¡¡to¡¡be¡¡able¡¡to¡¡judge¡¡an
eighth¡¡of¡¡a¡¡grain¡¡of¡¡morphine¡£¡¨

The¡¡young¡¡man's¡¡courage¡¡was¡¡over¡­swayed¡£¡¡¡¡He¡¡yielded¡¡and¡¡ladled¡¡out¡¡in
the¡¡old¡­fashioned¡¡way£»¡¡on¡¡the¡¡point¡¡of¡¡a¡¡knife¡­blade£»¡¡what¡¡he¡¡believed¡¡to
be¡¡the¡¡right¡¡amount¡£¡¡¡¡Henry¡¡immediately¡¡sank¡¡into¡¡a¡¡heavy¡¡sleep¡£¡¡¡¡He¡¡died
before¡¡morning¡£¡¡¡¡His¡¡chance¡¡of¡¡life¡¡had¡¡been¡¡infinitesimal£»¡¡and¡¡his¡¡death
was¡¡not¡¡necessarily¡¡due¡¡to¡¡the¡¡drug£»¡¡but¡¡Samuel¡¡Clemens£»¡¡unsparing¡¡in¡¡his
self¡­blame£»¡¡all¡¡his¡¡days¡¡carried¡¡the¡¡burden¡¡of¡¡it¡£

He¡¡saw¡¡the¡¡boy¡¡taken¡¡to¡¡the¡¡dead¡¡room£»¡¡then¡¡the¡¡long¡¡strain¡¡of¡¡grief£»¡¡the
days¡¡and¡¡nights¡¡without¡¡sleep£»¡¡the¡¡ghastly¡¡realization¡¡of¡¡the¡¡end
overcame¡¡him¡£¡¡¡¡A¡¡citizen¡¡of¡¡Memphis¡¡took¡¡him¡¡away¡¡in¡¡a¡¡kind¡¡of¡¡daze¡¡and
gave¡¡him¡¡a¡¡bed¡¡in¡¡his¡¡house£»¡¡where¡¡he¡¡fell¡¡into¡¡a¡¡stupor¡¡of¡¡fatigue¡¡and
surrender¡£¡¡¡¡It¡¡was¡¡many¡¡hours¡¡before¡¡he¡¡woke£»¡¡when¡¡he¡¡did£»¡¡at¡¡last£»¡¡he
dressed¡¡and¡¡went¡¡to¡¡where¡¡Henry¡¡lay¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡coffin¡¡provided¡¡for¡¡the¡¡dead
were¡¡of¡¡unpainted¡¡wood£»¡¡but¡¡the¡¡youth¡¡and¡¡striking¡¡face¡¡of¡¡Henry¡¡Clemens
had¡¡aroused¡¡a¡¡special¡¡interest¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡ladies¡¡of¡¡Memphis¡¡had¡¡made¡¡up¡¡a¡¡fund
of¡¡sixty¡¡dollars¡¡and¡¡bought¡¡for¡¡him¡¡a¡¡metallic¡¡case¡£¡¡¡¡Samuel¡¡Clemens
entering£»¡¡saw¡¡his¡¡brother¡¡lying¡¡exactly¡¡as¡¡he¡¡had¡¡seen¡¡him¡¡in¡¡his¡¡dream£»
lacking¡¡only¡¡the¡¡bouquet¡¡of¡¡white¡¡flowers¡¡with¡¡its¡¡crimson¡¡centera
detail¡¡made¡¡complete¡¡while¡¡he¡¡stood¡¡there£»¡¡for¡¡at¡¡that¡¡moment¡¡an¡¡elderly
lady¡¡came¡¡in¡¡with¡¡a¡¡large¡¡white¡¡bouquet£»¡¡and¡¡in¡¡the¡¡center¡¡of¡¡it¡¡was¡¡a
single¡¡red¡¡rose¡£

Orion¡¡arrived¡¡from¡¡Tennessee£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡brothers¡¡took¡¡their¡¡sorrowful
burden¡¡to¡¡St¡£¡¡Louis£»¡¡subsequently¡¡to¡¡Hannibal£»¡¡his¡¡old¡¡home¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡death
of¡¡this¡¡lovely¡¡boy¡¡was¡¡a¡¡heavy¡¡sorrow¡¡to¡¡the¡¡community¡¡where¡¡he¡¡was
known£»¡¡for¡¡he¡¡had¡¡been¡¡a¡¡favorite¡¡with¡¡all¡£¡¡¡¡£§For¡¡a¡¡fine
characterization¡¡of¡¡Henry¡¡Clemens¡¡the¡¡reader¡¡is¡¡referred¡¡to¡¡a¡¡letter
written¡¡by¡¡Orion¡¡Clemens¡¡to¡¡Miss¡¡Wood¡£¡¡¡¡See¡¡Appendix¡¡A£»¡¡at¡¡the¡¡end¡¡of¡¡the
last¡¡volume¡££§

¡·From¡¡Hannibal¡¡the¡¡family¡¡returned¡¡to¡¡Pamela's¡¡home¡¡in¡¡St¡£¡¡Louis¡£¡¡¡¡There
one¡¡night¡¡Orion¡¡heard¡¡his¡¡brother¡¡moaning¡¡and¡¡grieving¡¡and¡¡walking¡¡the
floor¡¡of¡¡his¡¡room¡£¡¡¡¡By¡¡and¡¡by¡¡Sam¡¡came¡¡in¡¡to¡¡where¡¡Orion¡¡was¡£¡¡¡¡He¡¡could
endure¡¡it¡¡no¡¡longer£»¡¡he¡¡said£»¡¡he¡¡must£»¡¨tell¡¡somebody¡£¡¨

Then¡¡he¡¡poured¡¡all¡¡the¡¡story¡¡of¡¡that¡¡last¡¡tragic¡¡night¡£¡¡¡¡It¡¡has¡¡been¡¡set
down¡¡here¡¡because¡¡it¡¡accounts¡¡for¡¡much¡¡in¡¡his¡¡after¡­life¡£¡¡¡¡It¡¡magnified
his¡¡natural¡¡compassion¡¡for¡¡the¡¡weakness¡¡and¡¡blunders¡¡of¡¡humanity£»¡¡while
it¡¡increased¡¡the¡¡poor¡¡opinion¡¡implanted¡¡by¡¡the¡¡Scotchman¡¡Macfarlane¡¡of
the¡¡human¡¡being¡¡as¡¡a¡¡divine¡¡invention¡£¡¡¡¡Two¡¡of¡¡Mark¡¡Twain's¡¡chief
characteristics¡¡wereconsideration¡¡for¡¡the¡¡human¡¡species£»¡¡and¡¡contempt
for¡¡it¡£

In¡¡many¡¡ways¡¡he¡¡never¡¡overcame¡¡the¡¡tragedy¡¡of¡¡Henry's¡¡death¡£¡¡¡¡He¡¡never
really¡¡looked¡¡young¡¡again¡£¡¡¡¡Gray¡¡hairs¡¡had¡¡come£»¡¡as¡¡he¡¡said£»¡¡and¡¡they¡¡did
not¡¡disappear¡£¡¡¡¡His¡¡face¡¡took¡¡on¡¡the¡¡serious£»¡¡pathetic¡¡look¡¡which¡¡from
that¡¡time¡¡it¡¡always¡¡had¡¡in¡¡repose¡£¡¡¡¡At¡¡twenty¡­three¡¡he¡¡looked¡¡thirty¡£¡¡¡¡At
thirty¡¡he¡¡looked¡¡nearer¡¡forty¡£¡¡¡¡After¡¡that¡¡the¡¡discrepancy¡¡in¡¡age¡¡and
looks¡¡became¡¡less¡¡notable¡£¡¡¡¡In¡¡vigor£»¡¡complexion£»¡¡and¡¡temperament¡¡he¡¡was
regarded¡¡in¡¡later¡¡life¡¡as¡¡young¡¡for¡¡his¡¡years£»¡¡but¡¡never¡¡in¡¡looks¡£




XXVII

THE¡¡PILOT

The¡¡young¡¡pilot¡¡returned¡¡to¡¡the¡¡river¡¡as¡¡steersman¡¡for¡¡George¡¡Ealer£»¡¡whom
he¡¡loved£»¡¡and¡¡in¡¡September¡¡of¡¡that¡¡year¡¡obtained¡¡a¡¡full¡¡license¡¡as
Mississippi¡¡River¡¡pilot¡£¡¡¡¡£§In¡¡Life¡¡on¡¡the¡¡Mississippi¡¡he¡¡gives¡¡his
period¡¡of¡¡learning¡¡at¡¡from¡¡two¡¡to¡¡two¡¡and¡¡a¡¡half¡¡years£»¡¡but¡¡documentary
evidence¡¡as¡¡well¡¡as¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Bixby's¡¡testimony¡¡places¡¡the¡¡apprenticeship¡¡at
eighteen¡¡months£§¡¡¡¡Bixby¡¡had¡¡returned¡¡by¡¡this¡¡time£»¡¡and¡¡they¡¡were¡¡again
together£»¡¡first¡¡on¡¡the¡¡Crescent¡¡City£»¡¡later¡¡on¡¡a¡¡fine¡¡new¡¡boat¡¡called¡¡the
New¡¡Falls¡¡City¡£¡¡¡¡Clemens¡¡was¡¡still¡¡a¡¡steersman¡¡when¡¡Bixby¡¡returned£»¡¡but
as¡¡soon¡¡as¡¡his¡¡license¡¡was¡¡granted¡¡£¨September¡¡9£»¡¡1858£©¡¡his¡¡old¡¡chief¡¡took
him¡¡as¡¡full¡¡partner¡£

He¡¡was¡¡a¡¡pilot¡¡at¡¡last¡£¡¡¡¡In¡¡eighteen¡¡months¡¡he¡¡had¡¡packed¡¡away¡¡in¡¡his
head¡¡all¡¡the¡¡multitude¡¡of¡¡volatile¡¡statistics¡¡and¡¡acquired¡¡that
confidence¡¡and¡¡courage¡¡which¡¡made¡¡him¡¡one¡¡of¡¡the¡¡elect£»¡¡a¡¡river
sovereign¡£¡¡¡¡He¡¡knew¡¡every¡¡snag¡¡and¡¡bank¡¡and¡¡dead¡¡tree¡¡and¡¡reef¡¡in¡¡all
those¡¡endless¡¡miles¡¡between¡¡St¡£¡¡Louis¡¡and¡¡New¡¡Orleans£»¡¡every¡¡cut¡­off¡¡and
current£»¡¡every¡¡depth¡¡of¡¡waterthe¡¡whole¡¡storyby¡¡night¡¡and¡¡by¡¡day¡£¡¡¡¡He
could¡¡smell¡¡danger¡¡in¡¡the¡¡dark£»¡¡he¡¡could¡¡read¡¡the¡¡surface¡¡of¡¡the¡¡water¡¡as
an¡¡open¡¡page¡£¡¡¡¡At¡¡twenty¡­three¡¡he¡¡had¡¡acquired¡¡a¡¡profession¡¡which
surpassed¡¡all¡¡others¡¡for¡¡absolute¡¡sovereignty¡¡and¡¡yielded¡¡an¡¡income¡¡equal
to¡¡that¡¡then¡¡earned¡¡by¡¡the¡¡Vice¡­President¡¡of¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States¡£¡¡¡¡Boys
generally¡¡finish¡¡college¡¡at¡¡about¡¡that¡¡age£»¡¡but¡¡it¡¡is¡¡not¡¡likely¡¡that¡¡any
boy¡¡ever¡¡finished¡¡college¡¡with¡¡the¡¡mass¡¡of¡¡practical¡¡information¡¡and
training¡¡that¡¡was¡¡stored¡¡away¡¡in¡¡Samuel¡¡Clemens's¡¡head£»¡¡or¡¡with¡¡his
knowledge¡¡of¡¡human¡¡nature£»¡¡his¡¡preparation¡¡for¡¡battle¡¡with¡¡the¡¡world¡£

¡¨Not¡¡only¡¡was¡¡he¡¡a¡¡pilot£»¡¡but¡¡a¡¡good¡¡one¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡These¡¡are¡¡Horace¡¡Bixby's
words£»¡¡and¡¡he¡¡added£º

¡¨It¡¡is¡¡the¡¡fashion¡¡to¡­day¡¡to¡¡disparage¡¡Sam's¡¡piloting¡£¡¡¡¡Men¡¡who¡¡were¡¡born
since¡¡he¡¡was¡¡on¡¡the¡¡river¡¡and¡¡never¡¡saw¡¡him¡¡will¡¡tell¡¡you¡¡that¡¡Sam¡¡was
never¡¡much¡¡of¡¡a¡¡pilot¡£¡¡¡¡Most¡¡of¡¡them¡¡will¡¡tell¡¡you¡¡that¡¡he¡¡was¡¡never¡¡a
pilot¡¡at¡¡all¡£¡¡¡¡As¡¡a¡¡matter¡¡of¡¡fact£»¡¡Sam¡¡was¡¡a¡¡fine¡¡pilot£»¡¡and¡¡in¡¡a¡¡day
when¡¡piloting¡¡on¡¡the¡¡Mississippi¡¡required¡¡a¡¡great¡¡deal¡¡more¡¡brains¡¡and
skill¡¡and¡¡application¡¡than¡¡it¡¡does¡¡now¡£¡¡¡¡There¡¡were¡¡no¡¡signal¡­lights
along¡¡the¡¡shore¡¡in¡¡those¡¡days£»¡¡and¡¡no¡¡search¡­lights¡¡on¡¡the¡¡vessels£»
everything¡¡was¡¡blind£»¡¡and¡¡on¡¡a¡¡dark£»¡¡misty¡¡night¡¡in¡¡a¡¡river¡¡full¡¡of¡¡snags
and¡¡shifting¡¡sandbars¡¡and¡¡changing¡¡shores£»¡¡a¡¡pilot's¡¡judgment¡¡had¡¡to¡¡be
founded¡¡on¡¡absolute¡¡certainty¡£¡¨

He¡¡had¡¡plenty¡¡of¡¡money¡¡now¡£¡¡¡¡He¡¡could¡¡help¡¡his¡¡mother¡¡with¡¡a¡¡liberal
hand£»¡¡and¡¡he¡¡did¡¡it¡£¡¡¡¡He¡¡helped¡¡Orion£»¡¡too£»¡¡with¡¡money¡¡and¡¡with¡¡advice¡£
¡·From¡¡a¡¡letter¡¡written¡¡toward¡¡the¡¡end¡¡of¡¡the¡¡year£»¡¡we¡¡gather¡¡the¡¡new
conditions¡£¡¡¡¡Orion¡¡would¡¡seem¡¡to¡¡have¡¡been¡¡lamenting¡¡over¡¡prospects£»¡¡and
the¡¡young¡¡pilot£»¡¡strong¡¡and¡¡exalted¡¡in¡¡his¡¡new¡¡estate£»¡¡urges¡¡him¡¡to
renewed¡¡consistent¡¡effort£º

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡

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