mark twain, a biography, 1835-1866-µÚ32²¿·Ö
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phrasing¡¡which¡¡would¡¡develop¡¡later¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡fire¡¡ended¡¡their¡¡first¡¡excursion
to¡¡Tahoe£»¡¡but¡¡they¡¡made¡¡others¡¡and¡¡located¡¡other¡¡claimsclaims¡¡in¡¡which
the¡¡¡¨folks¡¡at¡¡home£»¡¡¡¨Mr¡£¡¡Moffett£»¡¡James¡¡Lampton£»¡¡and¡¡others£»¡¡were
included¡£¡¡¡¡It¡¡was¡¡the¡¡same¡¡James¡¡Lampton¡¡who¡¡would¡¡one¡¡day¡¡serve¡¡as¡¡a
model¡¡for¡¡Colonel¡¡Sellers¡£¡¡¡¡Evidently¡¡Samuel¡¡Clemens¡¡had¡¡a¡¡good¡¡opinion
of¡¡his¡¡business¡¡capacity¡¡in¡¡that¡¡earlier¡¡day£»¡¡for¡¡he¡¡writes£º
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¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡would¡¡take¡¡him¡¡six¡¡months¡¡to¡¡make¡¡100£»000¡¡here¡¡if¡¡he¡¡had¡¡3£»000
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develops¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Orion¡¡and¡¡I¡¡have¡¡confidence¡¡enough¡¡in¡¡this¡¡country¡¡to¡¡think¡¡that¡¡if
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡war¡¡lets¡¡us¡¡alone¡¡we¡¡can¡¡make¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Moffett¡¡rich¡¡without¡¡its¡¡ever
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡costing¡¡him¡¡a¡¡cent¡¡or¡¡a¡¡particle¡¡of¡¡trouble¡£
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certain¡¡interest¡¡in¡¡mining¡¡claims¡¡had¡¡by¡¡this¡¡time¡¡developed¡£
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¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡after¡¡you¡¡get¡¡it¡£
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£§Samuel¡¡E¡£¡¡Moffett£»¡¡in¡¡later¡¡life¡¡a¡¡well¡known¡¡journalist¡¡and¡¡editor¡££§¡
¡¡¡and¡¡promises¡¡to¡¡enter¡¡claims¡¡for¡¡themtimber¡¡claims¡¡probablyfor¡¡he
was¡¡by¡¡no¡¡means¡¡sanguine¡¡as¡¡yet¡¡concerning¡¡the¡¡mines¡£¡¡¡¡That¡¡was¡¡a¡¡long
time¡¡ago¡£¡¡¡¡Tahoe¡¡land¡¡is¡¡sold¡¡by¡¡the¡¡lot£»¡¡now£»¡¡to¡¡summer¡¡residents¡£
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presently£»¡¡forgotten¡¡in¡¡the¡¡delirium¡¡which¡¡goes¡¡only¡¡with¡¡the¡¡pursuit¡¡of
precious¡¡ores¡£
XXXIII
THE¡¡PROSPECTOR
It¡¡was¡¡not¡¡until¡¡early¡¡winter¡¡that¡¡Samuel¡¡Clemens¡¡got¡¡the¡¡real¡¡mining
infection¡£¡¡¡¡Everybody¡¡had¡¡it¡¡by¡¡that¡¡time£»¡¡the¡¡miracle¡¡is¡¡that¡¡he¡¡had¡¡not
fallen¡¡an¡¡earlier¡¡victim¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡wildest¡¡stories¡¡of¡¡sudden¡¡fortune¡¡were¡¡in
the¡¡air£»¡¡some¡¡of¡¡them¡¡undoubtedly¡¡true¡£¡¡¡¡Men¡¡had¡¡gone¡¡to¡¡bed¡¡paupers£»¡¡on
the¡¡verge¡¡of¡¡starvation£»¡¡and¡¡awakened¡¡to¡¡find¡¡themselves¡¡millionaires¡£
Others¡¡had¡¡sold¡¡for¡¡a¡¡song¡¡claims¡¡that¡¡had¡¡been¡¡suddenly¡¡found¡¡to¡¡be
fairly¡¡stuffed¡¡with¡¡precious¡¡ores¡£¡¡¡¡Cart¡loads¡¡of¡¡brickssilver¡¡and
golddaily¡¡drove¡¡through¡¡the¡¡streets¡£
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regionflamed¡¡up¡¡with¡¡a¡¡radiance¡¡that¡¡was¡¡fairly¡¡blinding¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡papers
declared¡¡that¡¡Humboldt¡¡County¡¡¡¨was¡¡the¡¡richest¡¡mineral¡¡region¡¡on¡¡God's
footstool¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡The¡¡mountains¡¡were¡¡said¡¡to¡¡be¡¡literally¡¡bursting¡¡with¡¡gold
and¡¡silver¡£¡¡¡¡A¡¡correspondent¡¡of¡¡the¡¡daily¡¡Territorial¡¡Enterprise¡¡fairly
wallowed¡¡in¡¡rhetoric£»¡¡yet¡¡found¡¡words¡¡inadequate¡¡to¡¡paint¡¡the¡¡measureless
wealth¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Humboldt¡¡mines¡£¡¡¡¡No¡¡wonder¡¡those¡¡not¡¡already¡¡mad¡¡speedily
became¡¡so¡£¡¡¡¡No¡¡wonder¡¡Samuel¡¡Clemens£»¡¡with¡¡his¡¡natural¡¡tendency¡¡to
speculative¡¡optimism£»¡¡yielded¡¡to¡¡the¡¡epidemic¡¡and¡¡became¡¡as¡¡¡¨frenzied¡¡as
the¡¡craziest¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡The¡¡air¡¡to¡¡him¡¡suddenly¡¡began¡¡to¡¡shimmer£»¡¡all¡¡his
thoughts¡¡were¡¡of¡¡¡¨leads¡¨¡¡and¡¡¡¨ledges¡¨¡¡and¡¡¡¨veins¡¨£»¡¡all¡¡his¡¡clouds¡¡had
silver¡¡linings£»¡¡all¡¡his¡¡dreams¡¡were¡¡of¡¡gold¡£¡¡¡¡He¡¡joined¡¡an¡¡expedition¡¡at
once£»¡¡he¡¡reproached¡¡himself¡¡bitterly¡¡for¡¡not¡¡having¡¡started¡¡earlier¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Hurry¡¡was¡¡the¡¡word£¡¡¡¡¡We¡¡wasted¡¡no¡¡time¡£¡¡¡¡Our¡¡party¡¡consisted¡¡of¡¡four
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡personsa¡¡blacksmith¡¡sixty¡¡years¡¡of¡¡age£»¡¡two¡¡young¡¡lawyers£»¡¡and
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡myself¡£¡¡¡¡We¡¡bought¡¡a¡¡wagon¡¡and¡¡two¡¡miserable¡¡old¡¡horses¡£¡¡¡¡We¡¡put
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡1£»800¡¡pounds¡¡of¡¡provisions¡¡and¡¡mining¡¡tools¡¡in¡¡the¡¡wagon¡¡and¡¡drove
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡out¡¡of¡¡Carson¡¡on¡¡a¡¡chilly¡¡December¡¡afternoon¡£
In¡¡a¡¡letter¡¡to¡¡his¡¡mother¡¡he¡¡states¡¡that¡¡besides¡¡provisions¡¡and¡¡mining
tools£»¡¡their¡¡load¡¡consisted¡¡of¡¡certain¡¡luxuries¡¡viz¡££»¡¡ten¡¡pounds¡¡of
killikinick£»¡¡Watts's¡¡Hymns£»¡¡fourteen¡¡decks¡¡of¡¡cards£»¡¡Dombey¡¡and¡¡Son£»¡¡a
cribbage¡board£»¡¡one¡¡small¡¡keg¡¡of¡¡lager¡beer£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡¡¨Carmina¡¡Sacra¡£¡¨
The¡¡two¡¡young¡¡lawyers¡¡were¡¡A¡£¡¡W¡££¨Gus£©¡¡Oliver¡¡£¨Oliphant¡¡in¡¡'Roughing¡¡It'£©£»
and¡¡W¡£¡¡H¡£¡¡Clagget¡£¡¡¡¡Sam¡¡Clemens¡¡had¡¡known¡¡Billy¡¡Clagget¡¡as¡¡a¡¡law¡¡student
in¡¡Keokuk£»¡¡and¡¡they¡¡were¡¡brought¡¡together¡¡now¡¡by¡¡this¡¡association¡£¡¡¡¡Both
Clagget¡¡and¡¡Oliver¡¡were¡¡promising¡¡young¡¡men£»¡¡and¡¡would¡¡be¡¡heard¡¡from¡¡in
time¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡blacksmith's¡¡name¡¡was¡¡Tillou¡¡£¨Ballou£©£»¡¡a¡¡sturdy£»¡¡honest¡¡soul
with¡¡a¡¡useful¡¡knowledge¡¡of¡¡mining¡¡and¡¡the¡¡repair¡¡of¡¡tools¡£¡¡¡¡There¡¡were
also¡¡two¡¡dogs¡¡in¡¡the¡¡partya¡¡small¡¡curly¡tailed¡¡mongrel£»¡¡Curney£»¡¡the
property¡¡of¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Tillou£»¡¡and¡¡a¡¡young¡¡hound¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡combination¡¡seemed¡¡a
strong¡¡one¡£
It¡¡proved¡¡a¡¡weak¡¡one¡¡in¡¡the¡¡matter¡¡of¡¡horses¡£¡¡¡¡Oliver¡¡and¡¡Clemens¡¡had
furnished¡¡the¡¡team£»¡¡and¡¡their¡¡selection¡¡had¡¡not¡¡been¡¡of¡¡the¡¡best¡£¡¡¡¡It¡¡was
two¡¡hundred¡¡miles¡¡to¡¡Humboldt£»¡¡mostly¡¡across¡¡sand¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡horses¡¡could¡¡not
drag¡¡their¡¡load¡¡and¡¡the¡¡miners¡¡too£»¡¡so¡¡the¡¡miners¡¡got¡¡out¡£¡¡¡¡Then¡¡they
found¡¡it¡¡necessary¡¡to¡¡push¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Not¡¡because¡¡we¡¡were¡¡fond¡¡of¡¡it£»¡¡Maoh£»¡¡no£¡¡¡but¡¡on¡¡Bunker's¡¡account¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Bunker¡¡was¡¡the¡¡¡¨near¡¨¡¡horse¡¡on¡¡the¡¡larboard¡¡side£»¡¡named¡¡after¡¡the
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡attorney¡general¡¡of¡¡this¡¡Territory¡£¡¡¡¡My¡¡horseand¡¡I¡¡am¡¡sorry¡¡you¡¡do
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡know¡¡him¡¡personally£»¡¡Ma£»¡¡for¡¡I¡¡feel¡¡toward¡¡him£»¡¡sometimes£»¡¡as¡¡if
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡were¡¡a¡¡blood¡¡relation¡¡of¡¡our¡¡familyhe¡¡is¡¡so¡¡lazy£»¡¡you¡¡knowmy
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡horseI¡¡was¡¡going¡¡to¡¡say£»¡¡was¡¡the¡¡¡¨off¡¨¡¡horse¡¡on¡¡the¡¡starboard
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡side¡£¡¡¡¡But¡¡it¡¡was¡¡on¡¡Bunker's¡¡account£»¡¡principally£»¡¡that¡¡we¡¡pushed
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡behind¡¡the¡¡wagon¡£¡¡¡¡In¡¡fact£»¡¡Ma£»¡¡that¡¡horse¡¡had¡¡something¡¡on¡¡his¡¡mind
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡the¡¡way¡¡to¡¡Humboldt¡£¡¡¡¡£§S¡£¡¡L¡£¡¡C¡£¡¡¡¡to¡¡his¡¡mother¡£¡¡¡¡Published¡¡in
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡Keokuk¡¡£¨Iowa£©¡¡Gate¡¡city¡££§
So¡¡they¡¡had¡¡to¡¡push£»¡¡and¡¡most¡¡of¡¡that¡¡two¡¡hundred¡¡miles¡¡through¡¡snow¡¡and
sand¡¡storm¡¡they¡¡continued¡¡to¡¡push¡¡and¡¡swear¡¡and¡¡groan£»¡¡sustained¡¡only¡¡by
the¡¡thought¡¡that¡¡they¡¡must¡¡arrive¡¡at¡¡last£»¡¡when¡¡their¡¡troubles¡¡would¡¡all
be¡¡at¡¡an¡¡end£»¡¡for¡¡they¡¡would¡¡be¡¡millionaires¡¡in¡¡a¡¡brief¡¡time¡¡and¡¡never
know¡¡want¡¡or¡¡fatigue¡¡any¡¡more¡£
There¡¡were¡¡compensations£º¡¡the¡¡camp¡fire¡¡at¡¡night¡¡was¡¡cheerful£»¡¡the¡¡food
satisfying¡£¡¡¡¡They¡¡bundled¡¡close¡¡under¡¡the¡¡blankets¡¡and£»¡¡when¡¡it¡¡was¡¡too
cold¡¡to¡¡sleep£»¡¡looked¡¡up¡¡at¡¡the¡¡stars£»¡¡while¡¡the¡¡future¡¡entertainer¡¡of
kings¡¡would¡¡spin¡¡yarn¡¡after¡¡yarn¡¡that¡¡made¡¡his¡¡hearers¡¡forget¡¡their
discomforts¡£¡¡¡¡Judge¡¡Oliver£»¡¡the¡¡last¡¡one¡¡of¡¡the¡¡party¡¡alive£»¡¡in¡¡a¡¡recent
letter¡¡to¡¡the¡¡writer¡¡of¡¡this¡¡history£»¡¡says£º
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡was¡¡the¡¡life¡¡of¡¡the¡¡camp£»¡¡but¡¡sometimes¡¡there¡¡would¡¡come¡¡a
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡reaction¡¡and¡¡he¡¡could¡¡hardly¡¡speak¡¡for¡¡a¡¡day¡¡or¡¡two¡£¡¡¡¡One¡¡day¡¡a¡¡pack
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡wolves¡¡chased¡¡us£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡hound¡¡Sam¡¡speaks¡¡of¡¡never¡¡stopped¡¡to
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡look¡¡back¡¡till¡¡he¡¡reached¡¡the¡¡next¡¡station£»¡¡many¡¡miles¡¡ahead¡£
Judge¡¡Oliver¡¡adds¡¡that¡¡an¡¡Indian¡¡war¡¡had¡¡just¡¡ended£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡they
occasionally¡¡passed¡¡the¡¡charred¡¡ruin¡¡of¡¡a¡¡shack£»¡¡and¡¡new¡¡graves£º¡¡This¡¡was
disturbing¡¡enough¡£¡¡¡¡Then¡¡they¡¡came¡¡to¡¡that¡¡desolation¡¡of¡¡desolations£»¡¡the
Alkali¡¡Desert£»¡¡where¡¡the¡¡sand¡¡is¡¡of¡¡unknown¡¡depth£»¡¡where¡¡the¡¡road¡¡is
strewn¡¡thickly¡¡with¡¡the¡¡carcasses¡¡of¡¡dead¡¡beasts¡¡of¡¡burden£»¡¡the¡¡charred
remains¡¡of¡¡wagons£»¡¡chains£»¡¡bolts£»¡¡and¡¡screws£»¡¡which¡¡thirsty¡¡emigrants£»
grown¡¡desperate£»¡¡have¡¡thrown¡¡away¡¡in¡¡the¡¡grand¡¡hope¡¡of¡¡being¡¡able£»¡¡when
less¡¡encumbered£»¡¡to¡¡reach¡¡water¡£
They¡¡traveled¡¡all¡¡day¡¡and¡¡night£»¡¡pushing¡¡through¡¡that¡¡fierce£»¡¡waterless
waste¡¡to¡¡reach¡¡camp¡¡on¡¡the¡¡other¡¡side¡£¡¡¡¡It¡¡was¡¡three¡¡o'clock¡¡in¡¡the
morning¡¡when¡¡they¡¡got¡¡across¡¡and¡¡dropped¡¡down¡¡utterly¡¡exhausted¡£¡¡¡¡Judge
Oliver¡¡in¡¡his¡¡letter¡¡tells¡¡what¡¡happened¡¡then£º
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡sun¡¡was¡¡high¡¡in¡¡the¡¡heavens¡¡when¡¡we¡¡were¡¡aroused¡¡from¡¡our¡¡sleep
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡a¡¡yelling¡¡band¡¡of¡¡Piute¡¡warriors¡£¡¡¡¡We¡¡were¡¡upon¡¡our¡¡feet¡¡in¡¡an
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡instant¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡pictures¡¡of¡¡burning¡¡cabins¡¡and¡¡the¡¡lonely¡¡graves¡¡we
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡passed¡¡were¡¡in¡¡our¡¡minds¡£¡¡¡¡Our¡¡scalps¡¡were¡¡still¡¡our¡¡own£»¡¡and
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡dangling¡¡from¡¡the¡¡belts¡¡of¡¡our¡¡visitors¡£¡¡¡¡Sam¡¡pulled¡¡himself
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡together£»¡¡put¡¡his¡¡hand¡¡on¡¡his¡¡head¡¡as¡¡if¡¡to¡¡make¡¡sure¡¡he¡¡had¡¡not
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡been¡¡scalped£»¡¡and¡¡then¡¡with¡¡his¡¡inimitable¡¡drawl¡¡said£º¡¡¡¨Boys£»¡¡they
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡left¡¡us¡¡our¡¡scalps¡£¡¡¡¡Let's¡¡give¡¡them¡¡all¡¡the¡¡flour¡¡and¡¡sugar
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡ask¡¡for¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡And¡¡we¡¡did¡¡give¡¡them¡¡a¡¡good¡¡supply£»¡¡for¡¡we¡¡were
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡grateful¡£
They¡¡were¡¡eleven¡¡weary¡¡days¡¡pushing¡¡their¡¡wagon¡¡and¡¡team¡¡the¡¡two¡¡hundred
miles¡¡to¡¡Unionville£»¡¡Humboldt¡¡County£»¡¡arriving¡¡at¡¡last¡¡in¡¡a¡¡driving¡¡snow¡
storm¡£¡¡¡¡Unionville¡¡consisted¡¡of¡¡eleven¡¡poor¡¡cabins¡¡built¡¡in¡¡the¡¡bottom¡¡of
a¡¡canon£»¡¡five¡¡on¡¡one¡¡side¡¡and¡¡six¡¡facing¡¡them¡¡on¡¡the¡¡other¡£¡¡¡¡They¡¡were
poor£»¡¡three¡sided£»¡¡one¡room¡¡huts£»¡¡the¡¡fourth¡¡side¡¡formed¡¡by¡¡the¡¡hill£»¡¡the
roof£»¡¡a¡¡spread¡¡of¡¡white¡¡cotton¡£¡¡¡¡Stones¡¡used¡¡to¡¡roll¡¡down¡¡on¡¡them
sometimes£»¡¡and¡¡Mark¡¡Twain¡¡tells¡¡of¡¡live¡¡stockspecifically¡¡of¡¡a¡¡mule¡¡and
cowthat¡¡interrupted¡¡the¡¡patient£»¡¡long¡suffering¡¡Oliver£»¡¡who¡¡was¡¡trying
to¡¡write¡¡poetry£»¡¡and¡¡only¡¡complained¡¡when¡¡at¡¡last¡¡¡¨an¡¡entire¡¡cow¡¡came
rolling¡¡down¡¡the¡¡hill£»¡¡crashed¡¡through¡¡on¡¡the¡¡table£»¡¡and¡¡made¡¡a¡¡shapeless
wreck¡¡of¡¡everything¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡£§'The¡¡Innocents¡¡Abroad¡£'£§
Judge¡¡Oliver¡¡still¡¡does¡¡not¡¡complain£»¡¡but¡¡he¡¡denies¡¡the¡¡cow¡£¡¡¡¡He¡¡says
there¡¡were¡¡no¡¡cows¡¡in¡¡Humboldt¡¡in¡¡those¡¡days£»¡¡so¡¡perhaps¡¡it¡¡was¡¡only¡¡a
literary¡¡cow£»¡¡though¡¡in¡¡any¡¡case¡¡it¡¡will¡¡long¡¡survive¡£¡¡¡¡Judge¡¡Oliver's
name¡¡will¡¡go¡¡down¡¡with¡¡it¡¡to¡¡posterity¡£
In¡¡the¡¡letter¡¡which¡¡Samuel¡¡Clemens¡¡wrote¡¡home¡¡he¡¡tells¡¡of¡¡what¡¡they¡¡found
in¡¡Unionvill