hiero(希尔罗)-第5部分
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miseisthai； tous de peisantas outos aution tas psukhas diaphtheirein
ost' oikeioteras autois poiein tas allotrias gunaikas e tois andrasi kai
pasan ep' ekeinois ten oikian gegonenai kai tous paidas adelous einai
opoteron tugkhanousin ontes； ton andron e ton moikhon 。 anth' on o
ton nomon titheis thanaton autois epoiese ten zemian｝。 Cf。 〃Cyrop。〃
III。 i。 39； 〃Symp。〃 viii。 20； Plut。 〃Sol。〃 xxiii。； ｛olos de pleisten
ekhein atopian oi peri ton gunaikon nomoi to Soloni dokousi。
moikhon men gar anelein tio labonti dedoken； ean d' arpase tis
eleutheran gunaika kai biasetai zemian ekaton drakhmas etaxe' kan
proagogeue drakhmas aikosi； plen osai pephasmenos polountai；
legon de tas etairas。 autai gar emphanos phoitosi pros tous didontas｝；
〃Solon's laws in general about women are his strangest； for he
permitted any one to kill an adulterer that found him in the act； but if
any one forced a free woman； a hundred drachmas was the fine； if he
enticed her； twenty；except those that sell themselves openly； that is；
harlots； who go openly to those that hire them〃 （Clough； i。 p。 190）。
＇7＇ Or； 〃fall a victim to passion through some calamity；〃 〃commit a
breach of chastity。〃 Cf。 Aristot。 〃H。 A。〃 VII。 i。 9。
＇8＇ Or； 〃if true affection still retain its virgin purity。〃 As to this
extraordinary passage； see Hartman； op。 cit。 p。 242 foll。
So sovereign a good do I； for my part； esteem it to be loved； that I do
verily believe spontaneous blessings are outpoured from gods and men on
one so favoured。
This is that choice possession which； beyond all others； the monarch is
deprived of。
But if you require further evidence that what I say is true； look at the
matter thus： No friendship； I presume； is sounder than that which binds
parents to their children and children to their parents； brothers and sisters
to each other；＇9＇ wives to husbands； comrade to comrade。
＇9＇ Or； 〃brothers to brothers。〃
If； then； you will but thoughtfully consider it； you will discover it is
the ordinary person who is chiefly blest in these relations。＇10＇ While of
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tyrants； many have been murderers of their own children； many by their
children murdered。 Many brothers have been murderers of one another in
contest for the crown；＇11＇ many a monarch has been done to death by the
wife of his bosom；＇12＇ or even by his own familiar friend； by him of
whose affection he was proudest。＇13＇
＇10＇ Or； 〃that these more obvious affections are the sanctities of
private life。〃
＇11＇ Or； 〃have caught at the throats of brothers〃； lit。 〃been slain
with mutually…murderous hand。〃 Cf。 Pind。 Fr。 137； Aesch。 〃Sept。 c。
Theb。〃 931； 〃Ag。〃 1575； concerning Eteocles and Polynices。
＇12＇ See Grote； 〃H。 G。〃 xi。 288； xii。 6； 〃Hell。〃 VI。 iv。 36； Isocr。
〃On the Peace；〃 182； Plut。 〃Dem。 Pol。〃 iii。 （Clough； v。 p。 98）； Tac。
〃Hist。〃 v。 8； about the family feuds of the kings of Judaea。
＇13＇ 〃It was his own familiar friend who dealt the blow； the nearest
and dearest to his heart。〃
How can you suppose； then； that being so hated by those whom nature
predisposes and law compels to love him； the tyrant should be loved by
any living soul beside？
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IV
Again； without some moiety of faith and trust；＇1＇ how can a man not
feel to be defrauded of a mighty blessing？ One may well ask： What
fellowship； what converse； what society would be agreeable without
confidence？ What intercourse between man and wife be sweet apart from
trustfulness？ How should the 〃faithful esquire〃 whose faith is mistrusted
still be lief and dear？＇2＇
＇1＇ 〃How can he； whose faith's discredited； the moral bankrupt 。 。 。〃
＇2＇ Or； 〃the trusty knight and serving…man。〃 Cf。 〃Morte d'Arthur；〃
xxi。 5； King Arthur and Sir Bedivere。
Well； then； of this frank confidence in others the tyrant has the
scantiest share。＇3＇ Seeing his life is such； he cannot even trust his meats
and drinks； but he must bid his serving…men before the feast begins； or
ever the libation to the gods is poured；＇4＇ to taste the viands； out of sheer
mistrust there may be mischief lurking in the cup or platter。＇5＇ ＇3＇ Or；
〃from this 。 。 。 is almost absolutely debarred。〃
＇4＇ 〃Or ever grace is said。〃
＇5＇ Cf。 〃Cyrop。〃 I。 iii。 4。
Once more； the rest of mankind find in their fatherland a treasure
worth all else beside。 The citizens form their own body…guard＇6＇ without
pay or service…money against slaves and against evil…doers。 It is theirs to
see that none of themselves； no citizen； shall perish by a violent death。
And they have advanced so far along the path of guardianship＇7＇ that in
many cases they have framed a law to the effect that 〃not the associate
even of one who is blood…guilty shall be accounted pure。〃 So that； by
reason of their fatherland；＇8＇ each several citizen can live at quiet and
secure。
＇6＇ 〃Are their own 'satellites；' spear…bearers。〃 Cf。 Thuc。 i。 130；
Herod。 ii。 168； vii。 127。
＇7＇ 〃Pushed so far the principle of mutual self…aid。〃
＇8＇ 〃Thanks to the blessing of a fatherland each citizen may spend his
days in peace and safety。〃
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But for the tyrant it is again exactly the reverse。＇9＇ Instead of aiding or
avenging their despotic lord； cities bestow large honours on the slayer of a
tyrant； ay； and in lieu of excommunicating the tyrannicide from sacred
shrines；＇10＇ as is the case with murderers of private citizens； they set up
statues of the doers of such deeds＇11＇ in temples。
＇9＇ 〃Matters are once more reversed precisely；〃 〃it is all 'topsy…
turvy。'〃
＇10＇ 〃And sacrifices。〃 Cf。 Dem。 〃c。 Lept。〃 137； ｛en toinun tois peri
touton nomois o Drakon 。 。 。 katharon diorisen einai｝。 〃Now in the
laws upon this subject； Draco； although he strove to make it fearful
and dreadful for a man to slay another； and ordained that the
homicide should be excluded from lustrations； cups； and drink…
offerings； from the temples and the market…place； specifying
everything by which he thought most effectually to restrain people
from such a practice； still did not abolish the rule of justice； but laid
down the cases in which it should be lawful to kill； and declared that
the killer under such circumstances should be deemed pure〃 （C。 R。
Kennedy）。
＇11＇ e。g。 Harmodius and Aristogeiton。 See Dem。 loc。 cit。 138： 〃The
same rewards that you gave to Harmodius and Aristogiton；〃
concerning whom Simonides himself wrote a votive couplet：
｛'E meg' 'Athenaioisi phoos geneth' enik' 'Aristogeiton
'Ipparkhon kteine kai 'Armodios。｝
But if you imagine that the tyrant； because he has more possessions
than the private person； does for that reason derive greater pleasure from
them； this is not so either； Simonides； but it is with tyrants as with athletes。
Just as the athlete feels no glow of satisfaction in asserting his superiority
over amateurs；＇12＇ but annoyance rather when he sustains defeat at the
hands of any real antagonist； so； too； the tyrant finds little consolation in
the fact＇13＇ that he is evidently richer than the private citizen。 What he
feels is pain； when he reflects that he has less himself than other monarchs。
These he holds to be his true antagonists； these are his rivals in the race for
wealth。
＇12＇ Or； 〃It gives no pleasure to the athlete to win victories over
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amateurs。〃 See 〃Mem。〃 III。 viii。 7。
＇13＇ Or； 〃each time it is brought home to him that；〃 etc。
Nor does the tyrant attain the object of his heart's desire more quickly
than do humbler mortals theirs。 For consider； what are their objects of
ambition？ The private citizen has set his heart； it may be； on a house； a
farm； a servant。 The tyrant hankers after cities； or wide territory； or
harbours； or formidable citadels； things far more troublesome and more
perilous to achieve than are the pettier ambitions of lesser men。
And hence it is
