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the vicissitudes of his own life; and the evils that had overtaken him

even in his tender youth。 Suddenly he hears the bell ringing to

matins; but its sound; chiming in with his melancholy fancies; seems

to him like a voice exhorting him to write his story。 In the spirit of

poetic errantry he determines to comply with this intimation: he

therefore takes pen in hand; makes with it a sign of the cross to

implore a benediction; and sallies forth into the fairy land of

poetry。 There is something extremely fanciful in all this; and it is

interesting as furnishing a striking and beautiful instance of the

simple manner in which whole trains of poetical thought are

sometimes awakened; and literary enterprises suggested to the mind。

  In the course of his poem he more than once bewails the peculiar

hardness of his fate; thus doomed to lonely and inactive life; and

shut up from the freedom and pleasure of the world; in which the

meanest animal indulges unrestrained。 There is a sweetness; however;

in his very complaints; they are the lamentations of an amiable and

social spirit at being denied the indulgence of its kind and

generous propensities; there is nothing in them harsh nor exaggerated;

they flow with a natural and touching pathos; and are perhaps rendered

more touching by their simple brevity。 They contrast finely with those

elaborate and iterated repinings; which we sometimes meet with in

poetry;… the effusions of morbid minds sickening under miseries of

their own creating; and venting their bitterness upon an unoffending

world。 James speaks of his privations with acute sensibility; but

having mentioned them passes on; as if his manly mind disdained to

brood over unavoidable calamities。 When such a spirit breaks forth

into complaint; however brief; we are aware how great must be the

suffering that extorts the murmur。 We sympathize with James; a

romantic; active; and accomplished prince; cut off in the lustihood of

youth from all the enterprise; the noble uses; and vigorous delights

of life; as we do with Milton; alive to all the beauties of nature and

glories of art; when he breathes forth brief; but deep…toned

lamentations over his perpetual blindness。

  Had not James evinced a deficiency of poetic artifice; we might

almost have suspected that these lowerings of gloomy reflection were

meant as preparative to the brightest scene of his story; and to

contrast with that refulgence of light and loveliness; that

exhilarating accompaniment of bird and song; and foliage and flower;

and all the revel of the year; with which he ushers in the lady of his

heart。 It is this scene; in particular; which throws all the magic

of romance about the old Castle Keep。 He had risen; he says; at

daybreak; according to custom; to escape from the dreary meditations

of a sleepless pillow。 〃Bewailing in his chamber thus alone;〃

despairing of all joy and remedy; 〃for; tired of thought and

wobegone;〃 he had wandered to the window; to indulge the captive's

miserable solace of gazing wistfully upon the world from which he is

excluded。 The window looked forth upon a small garden which lay at the

foot of the tower。 It was a quiet; sheltered spot; adorned with arbors

and green alleys; and protected from the passing gaze by trees and

hawthorn hedges。



         Now was there made; fast by the tower's wall;

           A garden faire; and in the corners set

         An arbour green with wandis long and small

           Railed about; and so with leaves beset

         Was all the place and hawthorn hedges knet;

           That lyf* was none; walkyng there forbye

           That might within scarce any wight espye。



         So thick the branches and the leves grene;

           Beshaded all the alleys that there were;

         And midst of every arbour might be sene

           The sharpe; grene; swete juniper;

         Growing so fair; with branches here and there;

           That as it seemed to a lyf without;

           The boughs did spread the arbour all about。



         And on the small grene twistis*(2) set

           The lytel swete nightingales; and sung

         So loud and clear; the hymnis consecrate

           Of lovis use; now soft; now loud among;

         That all the garden and the wallis rung

         Right of their song…



  * Lyf; Person。

  *(2) Twistis; small boughs or twigs。

  Note。… The language of the quotations is generally modernized。



  It was the month of May; when every thing was in bloom; and he

interprets the song of the nightingale into the language of his

enamored feeling:



         Worship; all ye that lovers be; this May;

           For of your bliss the kalends are begun;

         And sing with us; away; winter; away;

           Come; summer; come; the sweet season and sun。



  As he gazes on the scene; and listens to the notes of the birds;

he gradually relapses into one of those tender and undefinable

reveries; which fill the youthful bosom in this delicious season。 He

wonders what this love may be; of which he has so often read; and

which thus seems breathed forth in the quickening breath of May; and

melting all nature into ecstasy and song。 If it really be so great a

felicity; and if it be a boon thus generally dispensed to the most

insignificant beings; why is he alone cut off from its enjoyments?



         Oft would I think; O Lord; what may this be;

           That love is of such noble myght and kynde?

         Loving his folke; and such prosperitee

           Is it of him; as we in books do find:

           May he oure hertes setten* and unbynd:

         Hath he upon our hertes such maistrye?

         Or is all this but feynit fantasye?



         For giff he be of so grete excellence;

           That he of every wight hath care and charge;

         What have I gilt*(2) to him; or done offense;

           That I am thral'd; and birdis go at large?



  * Setten; incline。

  *(2) Gilt; what injury have I done; etc。



In the midst of his musing; as he casts his eye downward; he beholds

〃the fairest and the freshest young floure〃 that ever he had seen。

It is the lovely Lady Jane; walking in the garden to enjoy the

beauty of that 〃fresh May morrowe。〃 Breaking thus suddenly upon his

sight; in the moment of loneliness and excited susceptibility; she

at once captivates the fancy of the romantic prince; and becomes the

object of his wandering wishes; the sovereign of his ideal world。

  There is; in this charming scene; an evident resemblance to the

early part of Chaucer's Knight's Tale; where Palamon and Arcite fall

in love with Emilia; whom they see walking in the garden of their

prison。 Perhaps the similarity of the actual fact to the incident

which he had read in Chaucer may have induced James to dwell on it

in his poem。 His description of the Lady Jane is given in the

picturesque and minute manner of his master; and being doubtless taken

from the life; is a perfect portrait of a beauty of that day。 He

dwells; with the fondness of a lover; on every article of her apparel;

from the net of pearl; splendent with emeralds and sapphires; that

confined her golden hair; even to the 〃goodly chaine of small

orfeverye〃* about her neck; whereby there hung a ruby in shape of a

heart; that seemed; he says; like a spark of fire burning upon her

white bosom。 Her dress of white tissue was looped up to enable her

to walk with more freedom。 She was accompanied by two female

attendants; and about her sported a little hound decorated with bells;

probably the small Italian hound of exquisite symmetry; which was a

parlor favorite and pet among the fashionable dames of ancient

times。 James closes his description by a burst of general eulogium:



  * Wrought gold。



         In her was youth; beauty; with humble port;

           Bounty; richesse; and womanly feature;

         God better knows then my pen can report;

           Wisdom; largesse;* estate;*(2) and cunning*(3) sure;

         In every point so guided her measure;

           In word; in deed; in shape; in countenance;

           That nature might no more her child advance。



  * Largesse; bounty。

  *(2) Estate; dignity。

  *(3) Cunning; discretion。



The departure of the Lady Jane from the garden puts an end to this

transient riot of the heart。 With her departs the amorous illusion

that had shed a temporary charm over the scene of his captivity; and

he relapses into loneliness; now rendered tenfold more intolerable

by this passing beam of unattainable beauty。 Through the long and

weary day he repines at his unhappy lot; and when evening

approaches; and Phoebus; as he beautifully expresses it; had 〃bade

farewell to every leaf and flower;〃 he still lingers at the window;

and; laying his head upon the cold stone; gives vent to a mingled flow

of love and sorrow; until; gradually lulled by the mute melancholy

of the twilight hour; he lapses; 〃half sleeping; half swoon;〃 into a

vision; which occupies the remainder of the poem; and in which is

allegorically shadowed out the history of his passion。

  When he wakes from his trance; he rises from his stony pillow;

and; pacing his apartment; full of dreary reflections; questions his

spirit; whither it has been wandering; whether; indeed; all that has

passed before his dreaming fancy has been conjured up by preceding

circumstances; or whether it is a vision; intended to comfort and

assure him in his despondency。 If the latter; he prays that some token

may be sent to confirm the promise of happier days; given him in his

slumbers。 Suddenly; a turtle dove; of the purest whiteness; comes

flying in at the window; and alights upon his hand; bearing in her

bill a branch of red gilliflower; on the leaves of which is written;

in letters of gold; the following sentence:



         Awake! awake! I bring; lover; I bring

           The newis glad that blissful is; and sure

         Of thy comfort; now laugh; and play; and sing;

           For in the heaven decretit is thy cure。



  He receives the branch with mingled hope and dread; read

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