the spirit of laws-第3部分

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7。　Other　Methods　of　Favouring　the　Principle　of　Democracy

8。　In　What　Manner　the　Laws　Should　Relate　to　the　Principle　of　Government　in　an　Aristocracy

9。　In　What　Manner　the　Laws　Are　in　Relation　to　Their　Principle　in　Monarchies

10。　Of　the　Expedition　Peculiar　to　the　Executive　Power　in　Monarchies

11。　Of　the　Excellence　of　a　Monarchical　Government

12。　The　Same　Subject　Continued

13。　An　Idea　of　Despotic　Power

14。　In　What　Manner　the　Laws　Are　in　Relation　to　the　Principles　of　Despotic　Government

15。　The　Same　Subject　Continued

16。　Of　the　Communication　of　Power

17。　Of　Presents

18。　Of　Rewards　Conferred　by　the　Sovereign

19。　New　Consequences　of　the　Principles　of　the　Three　Governments

Book　VI。　Consequences　of　the　Principles　of　Different　Governments　with　Respect　to　the　Simplicity　of　Civil　and　Criminal　Laws；　the　Form　of　Judgments；　and　the　Inflicting　of　Punishments

1。　Of　the　Simplicity　of　Civil　Laws　in　Different　Governments

2。　Of　the　Simplicity　of　Criminal　Laws　in　Different　Governments

3。　In　What　Governments　and　in　What　Cases　the　Judges　Ought　to　Determine　According　to　the　Express　Letter　of　the　Law

4。　Of　the　Manner　of　Passing　Judgment

5。　In　What　Governments　the　Sovereign　May　Be　Judge

6。　That　in　Monarchies　Ministers　Ought　Not　to　Sit　as　Judges

7。　Of　a　Single　Magistrate

8。　Of　Accusation　in　Different　Governments

9。　Of　the　Severity　of　Punishments　in　Different　Governments

10。　Of　the　Ancient　French　Laws

11。　That　When　People　Are　Virtuous；　Few　Punishments　Are　Necessary

12。　Of　the　Power　of　Punishments

13。　Insufficiency　of　the　Laws　of　Japan

14。　Of　the　Spirit　of　the　Roman　Senate

15。　Of　the　Roman　Laws　in　Respect　to　Punishments

16。　Of　the　Just　Proportion　between　Punishments　and　Crimes

17。　Of　the　Rack

18。　Of　Pecuniary　and　Corporal　Punishments

19。　Of　the　Law　of　Retaliation

20。　Of　the　Punishment　of　Fathers　for　the　Crimes　of　Their　Children

21。　Of　the　Clemency　of　the　Prince

Book　VII。　Consequences　of　the　Different　Principles　of　the　Three　Governments　with　Respect　to　Sumptuary　Laws；　Luxury；　and　the　Condition　of　Women

1。　Of　Luxury

2。　Of　Sumptuary　Laws　in　a　Democracy

3。　Of　Sumptuary　Laws　in　an　Aristocracy

4。　Of　Sumptuary　Laws　in　a　Monarchy

5。　In　What　Cases　Sumptuary　Laws　Are　Useful　in　a　Monarchy

6。　Of　the　Luxury　of　China

7。　Fatal　Consequences　of　Luxury　in　China

8。　Of　Public　Continency

9。　Of　the　Condition　or　State　of　Women　in　Different　Governments

10。　Of　the　Domestic　Tribunal　among　the　Romans

11。　In　What　Manner　the　Institutions　Changed　at　Rome；　Together　with　the　Government

12。　Of　the　Guardianship　of　Women　among　the　Romans

13。　Of　the　Punishments　Decreed　by　the　Emperors　against　the　Incontinence　of　Women

14。　Sumptuary　Laws　among　the　Romans

15。　Of　Dowries　and　Nuptial　Advantages　in　Different　Constitutions

16。　An　Excellent　Custom　of　the　Samnites

17。　Of　Female　Administration

Book　VIII。　Of　the　Corruption　of　the　Principles　of　the　Three　Governments

1。　General　Idea　of　This　Book

2。　Of　the　Corruption　of　the　Principles　of　Democracy

3。　Of　the　Spirit　of　Extreme　Equality

4。　Particular　Cause　of　the　Corruption　of　the　People

5。　Of　the　Corruption　of　the　Principle　of　Aristocracy

6。　Of　the　Corruption　of　the　Principle　of　Monarchy

7。　The　Same　Subject　Continued

8。　Danger　of　the　Corruption　of　the　Principle　of　Monarchical　Government

9。　How　Ready　the　Nobility　Are　to　Defend　the　Throne

10。　Of　the　Corruption　of　the　Principle　of　Despotic　Government

11。　Natural　Effects　of　the　Goodness　and　Corruption　of　the　Principles　of　Government

12。　The　Same　Subject　Continued

13。　The　Effect　of　an　Oath　among　Virtuous　People

14。　How　the　Smallest　Change　of　the　Constitution　Is　Attended　with　the　Ruin　of　its　Principles

15。　Sure　Methods　of　Preserving　the　Three　Principles

16。　Distinctive　Properties　of　a　Republic

17。　Distinctive　Properties　of　a　Monarchy

18。　Particular　Case　of　the　Spanish　Monarchy

19。　Distinctive　Properties　of　a　Despotic　Government

20。　Consequence　of　the　Preceding　Chapters

21。　Of　the　Empire　of　China

Book　IX。　Of　Laws　in　the　Relation　They　Bear　to　a　Defensive　Force

1。　In　What　Manner　Republics　Provide　for　Their　Safety

2。　That　a　Confederate　Government　Ought　to　Be　Composed　of　States　of　the　Same　Nature；　Especially　of　the　Republican　Kind

3。　Other　Requisites　in　a　Confederate　Republic

4。　In　What　Manner　Despotic　Governments　Provide　for　their　Security

5。　In　What　Manner　a　Monarchical　Government　Provides　for　Its　Security

6。　Of　the　Defensive　Force　of　States　in　General

7。　A　Reflection

8。　A　Particular　Case　in　Which　the　Defensive　Force　of　a　State　Is　Inferior　to　the　Offensive

9。　Of　the　Relative　Force　of　States

10。　Of　the　Weakness　of　Neighbouring　States

Book　X。　Of　Laws　in　the　Relation　They　Bear　to　Offensive　Force

1。　Of　Offensive　Force

2。　Of　War

3。　Of　the　Right　of　Conquest

4。　Some　Advantages　of　a　Conquered　People

5。　Gelon；　King　of　Syracuse

6。　Of　Conquest　Made　by　a　Republic

7。　The　Same　Subject　Continued

8。　The　Same　Subject　Continued

9。　Of　Conquests　Made　by　a　Monarchy

10。　Of　One　Monarchy　That　Subdues　Another

11。　Of　the　Manners　of　a　Conquered　People

12。　Of　a　Law　of　Cyrus

13。　Charles　XII

14。　Alexander

15。　New　Methods　of　Preserving　a　Conquest

16。　Of　Conquests　Made　by　a　Despotic　Prince

17。　The　Same　Subject　Continued

Book　XI。　Of　the　Laws　Which　Establish　Political　Liberty；　with　Regard　to　the　Constitution

1。　A　General　Idea

2。　Different　Significations　of　the　Word　Liberty

3。　In　What　Liberty　Consists

4。　The　Same　Subject　Continued

5。　Of　the　End　or　View　of　Different　Governments

6。　Of　the　Constitution　of　England

7。　Of　the　Monarchies　We　Are　Acquainted　With

8。　Why　the　Ancients　Had　Not　a　Clear　Idea　of　Monarchy

9。　Aristotle's　Manner　of　Thinking

10。　What　Other　Politicians　Thought

11。　Of　the　Kings　of　the　Heroic　Times　of　Greece

12。　Of　the　Government　of　the　Kings　of　Rome；　and　in　What　Manner　the　Three　Powers　Were　There　Distributed

13。　General　Reflections　on　the　State　of　Rome　after　the　Expulsion　of　its　Kings

14。　In　What　Manner　the　Distribution　of　the　Three　Powers　Began　to　Change　after　the　Expulsion　of　the　Kings

15。　In　What　Manner　Rome；　in　the　Flourishing　State　of　That　Republic；　Suddenly　Lost　its　Liberty

16。　Of　the　Legislative　Power　in　the　Roman　Republic

17。　Of　the　Executive　Power　in　the　Same　Republic

18。　Of　the　Judiciary　Power　in　the　Roman　Government

19。　Of　the　Government　of　the　Roman　Provinces

20。　The　End　of　This　Book

Book　XII。　Of　the　Laws　That　Form　Political　Liberty；　in　Relation　to　the　Subject

1。　Idea　of　This　Book

2。　Of　the　Liberty　of　the　Subject

3。　The　Same　Subject　Continued

4。　That　Liberty　is　Favoured　by　the　Nature　and　Proportion　of　Punishments

5。　Of　Certain　Accusations　That　Require　Particular　Moderation　and　Prudence

6。　Of　the　Crime　against　Nature

7。　Of　the　Crime　of　High　Treason

8。　Of　the　Misapplication　of　the　Terms　Sacrilege　and　High　Treason

9。　The　Same　Subject　Continued

10。　The　Same　Subject　Continued

11。　Of　Thoughts

12。　Of　Indiscreet　Speeches

13。　Of　Writings

14。　Breach　of　Modesty　in　Punishing　Crimes

15。　Of　the　Enfranchisement　of　Slaves　in　Order　to　Accuse　Their　Master

16。　Of　Calumny　with　Regard　to　the　Crime　of　High　Treason

17。　Of　the　Revealing　of　Conspiracies

18。　How　Dangerous　It　Is　in　Republics　to　Be　Too　Severe　in　Punishing　the　Crime　of　High　Treason

19。　In　What　Manner　the　Use　of　Liberty　Is　Suspended　in　a　Republic

20。　Of　Laws　Favourable　to　the　Liberty　of　the　Subject　in　a　Republic

21。　Of　the　Cruelty　of　Laws　in　Respect　to　Debtors　in　a　Republic

22。　Of　Things　That　Strike　at　Liberty　in　Monarchies

23。　Of　Spies　in　Monarchies

24。　Of　Anonymous　Letters

25。　Of　the　Manner　of　Governing　in　Monarchies

26。　That　in　a　Monarchy　the　Prince　Ought　to　Be　of　Easy　Access

27。　Of　the　Manners　of　a　Monarch

28。　Of　the　Regard　Which　Monarchs　Owe　to　Their　Subjects

29。　Of　the　Civil　Laws　Proper　for　Mixing　Some　Portion　of　Liberty　in　a　Despotic　Government

30。　The　Same　Subject　Continued

Book　XIII。　Of　the　Relation　Which　the　Levying　of　Taxes　and　the　Greatness　of　the　Public　Revenues　Bear　to　Liberty

1。　Of　the　Public　Revenues

2。　That　It　Is　Bad　Reasoning　to　Say　That　the　Greatness　of　Taxes　Is　Good　in　its　Own　Nature

3。　Of　Taxes　in　Countries　Where　Part　of　the　People　Are　Villains　or　Bondmen

4。　Of　a　Republic　in　the　Like　Case

5。　Of　a　Monarchy　in　the　Like　Case

6。　Of　a　Despotic　Government　in　the　Like　Case

7。　Of　Taxes　in　Countries　where　Villainage　is　Not　Established

8。　In　What　Manner　the　Deception　Is　Preserved

9。　Of　a　Bad　Kind　of　Impost

10。　That　the　Greatness　of　Taxes　Depends　on　the　Nature　of　the　Government

11。　Of　Confiscations

12。　Relation　between　the　Weight　of　Taxes　and　Liberty

13。　In　What　Government　Taxes　Are　Capable　of　Increase

14。　That　the　Nature　of　the　Taxes　Is　in　Relation　to　the　Government

15。　Abuse　of　Liberty

16。　Of　the　Conquests　of　the　Mahometans

17。　Of　the　Augmentation　of　Troops

18。　Of　an　Exemption　from　Taxes

19。　Which　Is　More　Suitable　to　the　Prince　and　to　the　People；　the　Farming　the　Revenues；　or　Managing　Them　by　Commission？

20。　Of　the　Farmers　of　the　Revenues

Book　XIV。　Of　Laws　in　Relation　to　the　Nature　of　the　Climate

1。　General　Idea

2。　Of　the　Difference　of　Men　in　Different　Climates

3。　Contradiction　in　the　Tempers　of　Some　Southern　Nations

4。　Cause　of　the　Immutability　of　Religion；　Manners；　Customs；　and　Laws；　in　the　Eastern　Countries

5。　That　Those　Are　Bad　Legislators　Who　Favour　the　Vices　of　the　Climate；　and　Good　Legislators　Who　Oppose　Those　Vices

6。　Of　Agriculture　in　Warm　Climates

7。　Of　Monkery

8。　An　Excellent　Custom　of　China

9。　Means　of　Encouraging　Industry

10。　Of　the　Laws　in　Relation　to　the　Sobriety　of　the　People

11。　Of　the　Laws　in　Relation　to　the　Distempers　of　the　Climate

12。　Of　the　Laws　against　Suicides

13。　Effects　Arising　from　the　Climate　of　England

14。　Other　Effects　of　the　Climate

15。　Of　the　Different　Confidence　Which　the　Laws　Have　in　the　People；　According　to　the　Difference　of　Climates

Book　XV。　In　What　Manner　the　Laws　of　Civil　Slavery　Relate　to　the　Nature　of　the　Climate

1。　Of　Civil　Slavery

2。　Origin　of　the　Right　of　Slavery　among　the　Ro