最新大学英语四级考试精品阅读120篇-第6部分
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3。D词汇题。从第四段我们可以猜出paradox是“自相矛盾”的意思。因此选项D正确。
4。C词汇题。意为：“Sanctuary”就是你可躲起来避过灾祸的地方。在中世纪一般是某些教堂或者修道院可以充当躲避任何政府惩罚的避难所，所以A、B两项也是与它词义有一点关联的，D关系最小。
5。D观点题。根据文章末尾，and how they come out is bound to influence American university and political life in the 1990’s。 作者认为在哈佛的争论的结果一定会影响美国的大学和政治生活。本题中的ferment意为“骚动，纷扰”，指的就是文章所说的争论。因此D符合作者的观点。
第一篇 人文篇Passage 9
Passage 9建议用时：7分钟From：To：
Sex prejudices are based on and justified by the ideology that biology is destiny。 According to this ideology； basic biological and psychological differences exist between the sexes。 These differences require each sex to play a separate role in social life。 Women are the weaker sexboth physically and emotionally。 Thus； they are naturally suited much more so than men； to the performance of domestic duties。 A woman’s place； under normal circumstances； is within the protective environment of the home。 Nature has determined that women play care…taker roles； such as wife and mother and homemaker。 On the other hand men are best suited to go out into the competitive world of work and politics； where serious responsibilities must be taken on。 Men are to be the providers； women and children are “dependents”。
The ideology also holds that women who wish to work outside the household should naturally fill these jobs that are in line with the special capabilities of their sex。 It is thus appropriate for women； not men； to be employed as nurses； social workers； elementary school teachers； household helpers； and clerks and secretaries。 These positions are simply an extension of women’s domestic role。 『Informal distinctions between “women’s work” and “men’s work” in the labor force； according to the ideology； are simply a functional reflection of the basic differences between the sexes。』①
Finally； the ideology suggests that nature has worked her will in another significant way。 For the human species to survive over time； its members must regularly reproduce。 Thus； women must； whether at home or in the labor force； make the most of their physical appearance。 So goes the ideology。 It is； of course； not true that basic biological and psychological differences between the sexes require each to play sex…defined roles in social life。 There is ample evidence that sex roles vary from society to society； and those role differences that do exist are largely learned。
『But to the degree people actually believe that biology is destiny and that nature intended for men and women to make different contributions to society； sex…defined roles will be seen as totally acceptable。』②
1。 Women’s place； some people think； is the protective environment of the home because 。
A。 women can provide better care for the children
B。 women are too weak to do any agricultural work at all
C。 women are biologically suited to domestic jobs
D。 women can not compete with men in any field
2。 According to the author； sex roles 。
A。 are socially determined
B。 are emotionally and physically determined
C。 can only be determined by what education people take
D。 are biologically and psychologically determined
3。 The author points out that the assignments of women’s roles in work 。
A。 are determined by what they are better suited to
B。 grow out of their position inside the home
C。 reflect a basic difference between men and women
D。 are suitable to them； but not to men
4。 The author will probably agree with 。
A。 certain sociologists ’ prediction that woman are picking up more responsibility in the decades to come
B。 historian’s general denial of women’s contribution towards human thoughts
C。 Nietzsche’s contemplation about difference between sexes
D。 entrepreneurs favoring particular sex when hiring employee
5。 Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage？
A。 The division of sex…defined roles is completely unacceptable。
B。 Women’s roles in work is too limited at present。
C。 In one society； men might perform what is considered women’s duties by another。
D。 Some of the women’s roles in domestic duties can not be taken over by men。
Vocabulary
1。ideology n。 意识形态，思维方式
2。destiny n。 命运，定数
3。domestic adj。 家庭的，国内的
4。homemaker n。 家庭主妇
5petitive adj。 竞争的，竞争性的
6。elementary school 小学
7。informal adj。 非正式的，不拘礼节的
8。reflection n。 反映，反省，反射
9。ample adj。 充足的，丰富的长难句解析
①【解析】according to the ideology做插入语。
【译文】在劳动上男性工作和女性工作之间的非正式的区别，根据意识形态来说，只是性别之间基本差异的一个功能反映。
②【解析】两个“that”引导的句子同时作“believe”的宾语。
【译文】但是人们相信性别之间生理上的不同是个定数，大自然想要男人和女人分别对社会做出不同的贡献，那么性别角色也就是完全可以接受的了。
答案与详解
【短文大意】本文主要一方面讲述女人由于在生理上和心理上要比男人脆弱，因此她们适合于做一些具有保护性的工作，另一方面又讲述在社会生活中两性扮演不同的角色最根本的原因并不在他们生理和心理的差别上，而是由人的社会性决定的。
1。C细节题。根据文章第一段Women are the weaker sex … both physically and emotionally。 Thus； they are naturally suited much more so than men； to the performance of domestic duties。 A woman’s place； under normal circumstances； is within the protective environment of the home。 由于妇女在生理上和心理上都较男性弱，因此她们最适合做家务事，这样在通常情况下，家庭这个具有保护性的环境就成了妇女的活动空间。因此选项C正确。
2。A细节题。根据文章第三段It is； of course； not true that basic biological and psychological differences between the sexes require each to play sex…defined roles in social life。 There is ample evidence that sex roles vary from society to society； and those role differences that do exist are largely learned。 当然不是两性间最基本的生理和心理差别要求各自在社会生活中扮演不同的角色，而有充足的证据表明性别角色在每个社会都是不同的，性别角色的不同很大程度上是后天习得的。由此我们可以看出性别角色是由人的社会性决定的，因此A正确。
3。B细节题。文章第二段中说It is thus appropriate for women； not men； to be employed as nurses； social workers； elementary school teachers； household helpers； and clerks and secretaries。 These positions are simply an extension of women’s domestic role。 妇女受雇做护士、社会工作者、小学教师和秘书等工作，而这些工作不过是妇女家庭角色的延伸。选项B说的也正是这个意思。
4。A推断题。从全文来看，作者可能会同意一些社会学家预测妇女将在未来社会承担重要责任的看法。B项在文中未提到，C项尼采的观点更是这个问题上的众矢之的；D项没有指明具体优先考虑哪个性别，也不合适。
5。A推断题。文章最后作者说，人们相信nature intended for men and women to make different contributions to society； sex…defined roles will be seen as totally acceptable 既然造物主要求男人和女人分别对社会做出不同的贡献，那么性别角色也就是完全可以接受的了。因此选项A。“按性别确定的角色的划分是完全不能接受的”符合题意，为正确选项。选项B、C、D的内容都在文章中出现过或暗示过，符合文章的意思，对本题来说不构成正确选项。
第一篇 人文篇Passage 10
Passage 10建议用时：6分钟From：To：
More and more； the operations of our business； governments； and financial institutions are controlled by information that exists only inside computer memories。 Anyone clever enough to modify this information for his own purposes can reap substantial rewards。 Even worse； a number of people who have done this and been caught at it have managed to get away without punishment。
『It’s easy for computer crimes to go undetected if no one checks up on what the computer is doing； but even if the crime is detected； the criminal may walk away not only unpunished but with a glowing recommendation from his former employers。』①
Of course； we have no statistics on crimes that go undetected。 But it’s disturbing to note how many of the crimes we do know about were detected by accident； not by systematic inspections or other security procedures。 The computer criminals who have been caught may have been the victims of uncommonly bad luck。
For example； a certain keypunch operator complained of having to stay overtime to punch extra cards。 Investigation revealed that the extra cards she was being asked to punch were for dishonest transactions。 『In another case； dissatisfied employees of the thief tipped off the company that was being robbed。』②
Unlike other lawbreakers； who must leave the country； commit suicide； or go to jail； computer criminals sometimes escape punishment； demanding not only that they not be charged but that they be given good recommendations and perhaps other benefits。 All too often； their demands have been met。
Why？ Because company executives are afraid of the bad publicity that would result if the public found out their computer had been misused。 『They hesitate at the thought of a criminal boasting in open court of how he juggled the most confidential records right under the noses of the company’s executives； accountants； and security staff。』③ And so another computer criminal departs with just the recommendations he needs to continue his crimes elsewhere。
1。It can be concluded from the passage that 。
A。 it is still impossible to detect computer crimes today
B。 computer crimes are the one of most serious problem in the operation of financial institutions
C。 computer criminals can escape punishment because they can’t be detected
D。 people commit computer crimes at the request of their company
2。It
