the memorabilia-第15部分

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will　share　their　meat　and　drink　without　a　pang。　Not　bloom　of　lusty
youth；　nor　love's　delights　can　warp　their　self…control；　nor　will　they
be　tempted　to　cause　pain　where　pain　should　be　unknown。　It　is　theirs
not　merely　to　eschew　all　greed　of　riches；　not　merely　to　make　a　just
and　lawful　distribution　of　wealth；　but　to　supply　what　is　lacking　to
the　needs　of　one　another。　Theirs　it　is　to　compose　strife　and　discord
not　in　painless　oblivion　simply；　but　to　the　general　advantage。　Theirs
also　to　hinder　such　extravagance　of　anger　as　shall　entail　remorse
hereafter。　And　as　to　envy　they　will　make　a　clean　sweep　and　clearance
of　it：　the　good　things　which　a　man　possesses　shall　be　also　the
property　of　his　friends；　and　the　goods　which　they　possess　are　to　be
looked　upon　as　his。　Where　then　is　the　improbability　that　the　beautiful
and　noble　should　be　sharers　in　the　honours＇19＇　of　the　state　not　only
without　injury；　but　even　to　their　mutual　advantage？

＇18＇　Or；　as　we　say；　〃the　elite　of　human　kind。〃

＇19＇　〃And　the　offices。〃

They　indeed　who　covet　and　desire　the　honours　and　offices　in　a　state
for　the　sake　of　the　liberty　thereby　given　them　to　embezzle　the　public
moneys；　to　deal　violently　by　their　fellow…creatures；　and　to　batten　in
luxury　themselves；　may　well　be　regarded　as　unjust　and　villainous
persons　incapable　of　harmony　with　one　another。　But　if　a　man　desire　to
obtain　these　selfsame　honours　in　order　that；　being　himself　secure
against　wrong…doing；　he　may　be　able　to　assist　his　friends　in　what　is
right；　and；　raised　to　a　high　position；＇20＇　may　essay　to　confer　some
blessing　on　the　land　of　his　fathers；　what　is　there　to　hinder　him　from
working　in　harmony　with　some　other　of　a　like　spirit？　Will　he；　with　the
〃beautiful　and　noble〃　at　his　side；　be　less　able　to　aid　his　friends？　or
will　his　power　to　benfit　the　community　be　shortened　because　the　flower
of　that　community　are　fellow…workers　in　that　work？　Why；　even　in　the
contests　of　the　games　it　is　obvious　that　if　it　were　possible　for　the
stoutest　combatants　to　combine　against　the　weakest；　the　chosen　band
would　come　off　victors　in　every　bout；　and　would　carry　off　all　the
prizes。　This　indeed　is　against　the　rules　of　the　actual　arena；　but　in
the　field　of　politics；　where　the　beautiful　and　good　hold　empery；　and
there　is　nought　to　hinder　any　from　combining　with　whomsoever　a　man　may
choose　to　benefit　the　state；　it　will　be　a　clear　gain；　will　it　not；　for
any　one　engaged　in　state　affairs　to　make　the　best　men　his　friends；
whereby　he　will　find　partners　and　co…operators　in　his　aims　instead　of
rivals　and　antagonists？　And　this　at　least　is　obvious：　in　case　of
foreign　war　a　man　will　need　allies；　but　all　the　more　if　in　the　ranks
opposed　to　him　should　stand　the　flower　of　the　enemy。＇21＇　Moreover；
those　who　are　willing　to　fight　your　battles　must　be　kindly　dealt　with；
that　goodwill　may　quicken　to　enthusiasm；　and　one　good　man＇22＇　is
better　worth　your　benefiting　that　a　dozen　knaves；　since　a　little
kindness　goes　a　long　way　with　the　good；　but　with　the　base　the　more　you
give　them　the　more　they　ask　for。

＇20＇　〃As　archon；〃　or　〃raised　to　rule。〃

＇21＇　Lit。　〃the　beautiful　and　good。〃

＇22＇　Or；　〃the　best；　though　few；　are　better　worth　your　benefiting　than
　　　　the　many　base。〃

So　keep　a　good　heart；　Critobulus；　only　try　to　become　good　yourself；
and　when　you　have　attained；　set　to　your　hand　to　capture　the　beautiful
and　good。　Perhaps　I　may　be　able　to　give　you　some　help　in　this　quest；
being　myself　an　adept　in　Love's　lore。＇23＇　No　matter　who　it　is　for　whom
my　heart　is　aflame；　in　an　instant　my　whole　soul　is　eager　to　leap
forth。　With　vehemence　I　speed　to　the　mark。　I；　who　love；　demand　to　be
loved　again；　this　desire　in　me　must　be　met　by　counter　desire　in　him；
this　thirst　for　his　society　by　thirst　reciprocal　for　mine。　And　these
will　be　your　needs　also；　I　foresee；　whenever　you　are　seized　with
longing　to　contract　a　friendship。　Do　not　hide　from　me；　therefore；　whom
you　would　choose　as　a　friend；　since；　owing　to　the　pains　I　take　to
please　him　who　pleases　me；　I　am　not　altogether　unversed；　I　fancy；　in
the　art　of　catching　men。＇24＇

＇23＇　〃An　authority　in　matters　of　love。〃　Cf。　Plat。　〃Symp。〃　177　D；　Xen。
　　　　〃Symp。〃　viii。　2。

＇24＇　See　below；　III。　xi。　7；　cf。　Plat。　〃Soph。〃　222；　N。　T。　Matt。　iv。　19；
　　　　｛alieis　anthropon｝。

Critobulus　replied：　Why；　these　are　the　very　lessons　of　instruction；
Socrates；　for　which　I　have　been　long　athirst；　and　the　more
particularly　if　this　same　love's　lore　will　enable　me　to　capture　those
who　are　good　of　soul　and　those　who　are　beautiful　of　person。

Soc。　Nay；　now　I　warn　you；　Critobulus；　it　is　not　within　the　province　of
my　science　to　make　the　beautiful　endure　him　who　would　lay　hands　upon
them。　And　that　is　why　men　fled　from　Scylla；　I　am　persuaded；　because
she　laid　hands　upon　them；　but　the　Sirens　were　differentthey　laid
hands　on　nobody；　but　sat　afar　off　and　chanted　their　spells　in　the　ears
of　all；　and　therefore；　it　is　said；　all　men　endured　to　listen；　and　were
charmed。

Cri。　I　promise　I　will　not　lay　violent　hands　on　any；　therefore；　if　you
have　any　good　device　for　winning　friends；　instruct　your　pupil。

Soc。　And　if　there　is　to　be　no　laying　on　of　the　hands；　there　must　be　no
application　either　of　the　lips；　is　it　agreed？

Cri。　No；　nor　application　of　the　lips　to　any　onenot　beautiful。

Soc。　See　now！　you　cannot　open　your　mouth　without　some　luckless
utterence。　Beauty　suffers　no　such　liberty；　however　eagerly　the　ugly
may　invite　it；　making　believe　some　quality　of　soul　must　rank　them　with
the　beautiful。

Cri。　Be　of　good　cheer　then；　let　the　compact　stand　thus：　〃Kisses　for
the　beautiful；　and　for　the　good　a　rain　of　kisses。〃　So　now　teach　us　the
art　of　catching　friends。

Soc。　Well　then；　when　you　wish　to　win　some　one's　affection；　you　will
allow　me　to　lodge　information　against　you　to　the　effect　that　you
admire　him　and　desire　to　be　his　friend？

Cri。　Lodge　the　indictment；　with　all　my　heart。　I　never　heard　of　any　one
who　hated　his　admirers。

Soc。　And　if　I　add　to　the　indictment　the　further　charge　that　through
your　admiration　you　are　kindly　disposed　towards　him；　you　will　not　feel
I　am　taking　away　your　character？

Cri。　Why；　no；　for　myself　I　know　a　kindly　feeling　springs　up　in　my
heart　towards　any　one　whom　I　conceive　to　be　kindly　disposed　to　me。

Soc。　All　this　I　shall　feel　empowered　to　say　about　you　to　those　whose
friendship　you　seek；　and　I　can　promise　further　help；　only　there　is　a
comprehensive　〃if〃　to　be　considered：　if　you　will　further　authorise　me
to　say　that　you　are　devoted　to　your　friends；　that　nothing　gives　you　so
much　joy　as　a　good　friend；　that　you　pride　yourself　no　less　on　the　fine
deeds　of　those　you　love　than　on　your　own；　and　on　their　good　things
equally　with　your　own；　that　you　never　weary　of　plotting　and　planning
to　procure　them　a　rich　harvest　of　the　same；　and　lastly；　that　you　have
discovered　a　man's　virtue　is　to　excel　his　friends　in　kindness　and　his
foes　in　hostility。　If　I　am　authorised　thus　to　report　of　you；　I　think
you　will　find　me　a　serviceable　fellow…hunter　in　the　quest　of　friends；
which　is　the　conquest　of　the　good。

Cri。　Why　this　appeal　to　me？as　if　you　had　not　free　permission　to　say
exactly　what　you　like　about　me。

Soc。　No；　that　I　deny；　on　the　authority　of　Aspasia。＇25＇　I　have　it　from
her　own　lips。　〃Good　matchmakers；〃　she　said　tome；　〃were　clever　hands　at
cementing　alliances　between　people；　provided　the　good　qualities　they
vouched　for　were　truthfully　reported；　but　when　it　came　to　their
telling　lies；　for　her　part　she　could　not　compliment　them。＇26＇　Their
poor　deluded　dupes　ended　by　hating　each　other　and　the　go…betweens　as
well。〃　Now　I　myself　am　so　fully　persuaded　of　the　truth　of　this　that　I
feel　it　is　not　in　my　power　to　say　aught　in　your　praise　which　I　cannot
say　with　truth。

＇25＇　Aspasia；　daughter　of　Axiochus；　of　Miletus。　See　〃Econ。〃　iii。　14；
　　　　Plat。　〃Menex。〃　235　E；　Aesch。　Socrat。　ap。　Cic。　〃de　Invent。〃　I。
　　　　xxxi。　51。　See　Grote；　〃H。　G。〃　vi。　132　foll。；　Cobet；　〃Pros。　Xen。〃

＇26＇　Reading　｛ouk　ethelein　epainein｝；　or　if　｛ouk　ophelein　epainousas｝
　　　　with　Kuhner　transl。　〃Good　matchmakers；　she　told　me；　have　to
　　　　consult　truth　when　reporting　favourably　of　any　one：　then　indeed
　　　　they　are　terribly　clever　at　bringing　people　together：　whereas
　　　　false　flatterers　do　no　good；　their　dupes；〃　etc。

Cri。　Really；　Socrates；　you　are　a　wonderfully　good　friend　to　mein　so
far　as　I　have　any　merit　which　will　entitle　me　to　win　a　friend；　you
will　lend　me　a　helping　hand；　it　seems；　otherwise　you　would　rather　not
forge　any　petty　fiction　for　my　benefit。

Soc。　But　tell　me；　how　shall　I　assist　you　best；　think　you？　By　praising
you　falsely　or　by　persuading　you　to　try　to　be　a　good　man？　Or　if　it　is
not　plain　to　you　thus；　look　at　the　matter　by　the　light　of　some
examples。　I　wish　to　introduce　you　to　a　shipowner；　or　to　make　him　your
friend：　I　begin　by　singing　your　praises　to　him　falsely　thus；　〃You　will
find　him　a　good　pilot〃；　he　catches　at　the　phrase；　and　entrusts　his
ship　to　you；　who　have　no　notion　of　guiding　a　vessel。　What　can　you
expect　but　to　make　shipwreck　of　the　craft　and　yourself　together？　or
suppose　by　similar　false　assertions　I　can　persuade　the　state　at　large
to　entrust　her　destinies　to　you〃a　man　with　a　fine　genius　for
command；〃　I　say；　〃a　practised　lawyer；〃　〃a　politician　born；〃　and　so
forth。　The　odds　are；　the　state　and　you　may　come　to　grief　through　you。
Or　to　take　an　instance　from　everyday　life。　By　my　falsehoods　I　persuade
some　private　person　to　entrust　his　affairs　to　you　as　〃a　really　careful
and　business…like　person　with　a　head　for　economy。〃　When　put　to　the
test　would　not　your　administration　prove　ruinous；　and　the　figure　you
cut　ridiculous？　No；　my　dear　friend；　there　is　but　one　road；　the
shortest；　safest；　best；　and　it　is　simply　this：　In　whatsoever　you
desire　to　be　deemed　good；　endeavour　to　be　good。　For　of　all　the　virtues
namable　among　men；　consider；　and　you　will　find　there　is　not　one　but
may　be　increased　by　learning　and　practice。　For　my　part　then；
Critobulus；　these　are　the　principles　on　which　we　ought　to　go　a…
hunting；　but　if　you　take　a　different　view；　I　am　all　attention；　please
instruct　me。

Then　Critobulus：　Nay；　Socrates；　I　should　be　ashamed　to　gainsay　what
you　have　said；　if　I　did；　it　would　neither　be　a　noble　statement　nor　a
true。