phocion-第3部分

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　　So　that　it　is　a　little　wonderful；　how　a　man　so　severe　and　harsh　upon
all　occasions　should；　notwithstanding；　obtain　the　name　of　the　Good。
Yet；　though　difficult；　it　is　not；　I　suppose；　impossible　for　men's
tempers；　any　more　than　for　wines；　to　be　at　the　same　time　harsh　and
agreeable　to　the　taste；　just　as　on　the　other　hand　many　that　are
sweet　at　the　first　taste　are　found；　on　further　use；　extremely
disagreeable　and　unwholesome。　Hyperides；　we　are　told；　once　said　to　the
people；　〃Do　not　ask　yourselves；　men　of　Athens；　whether　or　not　I　am
bitter；　but　whether　or　not　I　am　paid　for　being　so；〃　as　though　a
covetous　purpose　were　the　only　thing　that　should　make　a　harsh　temper
insupportable；　and　as　if　men　might　not　even　more　justly　render
themselves　obnoxious　to　popular　dislike　and　censure；　by　using　their
power　and　influence　in　the　indulgence　of　their　own　private　passions　of
pride　and　jealousy；　anger　and　animosity。　Phocion　never　allowed　himself
from　any　feeling　of　personal　hostility　to　do　hurt　to　any
fellow…citizen；　nor；　indeed；　reputed　any　man　his　enemy；　except　so
far　as　he　could　not　but　contend　sharply　with　such　as　opposed　the
measures　he　urged　for　the　public　good；　in　which　argument　he　was；
indeed；　a　rude；　obstinate；　and　uncompromising　adversary。　For　his
general　conversation；　it　was　easy；　courteous；　and　obliging　to　all；
to　that　point　that　he　would　befriend　his　very　opponents　in　their
distress；　and　espouse　the　cause　of　those　who　differed　most　from　him；
when　they　needed　his　patronage。　His　friends　reproaching　him　for
pleading　in　behalf　of　a　man　of　indifferent　character；　he　told　them　the
innocent　had　no　need　of　an　advocate。　Aristogiton；　the　sycophant；
whom　we　mentioned　before；　having；　after　sentence　passed　upon　him；　sent
earnestly　to　Phocion　to　speak　with　him　in　the　prison；　his　friends
dissuaded　him　from　going；　〃Nay；　by　your　favour；〃　said　he；　〃where
should　I　rather　choose　to　pay　Aristogiton　a　visit？〃
　　As　for　the　allies　of　the　Athenians；　and　the　islanders；　whenever
any　admiral　besides　Phocion　was　sent；　they　treated　him　as　an　enemy
suspect；　barricaded　their　gates；　blocked　up　their　havens；　brought　in
from　the　country　their　cattle；　slaves；　wives；　and　children；　and　put
them　in　garrison；　but　upon　Phocion's　arrival；　they　went　out　to　welcome
him　in　their　private　boats　and　barges；　with　streamers　and　garlands；
and　received　him　at　landing　with　every　demonstration　of　joy　and
pleasure。
　　When　King　Philip　was　effecting　his　entry　into　Euboea；　and　was
bringing　over　troops　from　Macedonia；　and　making　himself　master　of
the　cities；　by　means　of　the　tyrants　who　ruled　in　them；　Plutarch　of
Eretria　sent　to　request　aid　of　the　Athenians　for　the　relief　of　the
island；　which　was　in　imminent　danger　of　falling　wholly　into　the
hands　of　the　Macedonians。　Phocion　was　sent　thither　with　a　handful　of
men　in　comparison；　in　expectation　that　the　Euboeans　themselves　would
flock　in　and　join　him。　But　when　he　came；　he　found　all　things　in
confusion；　the　country　all　betrayed；　the　whole　ground；　as　it　were；
undermined　under　his　feet；　by　the　secret　pensioners　of　King　Philip；　so
that　he　was　in　the　greatest　risk　imaginable。　To　secure　himself　as
far　as　he　could；　he　seized　a　small　rising　ground；　which　was　divided
from　the　level　plains　about　Tamynae　by　a　deep　watercourse；　and　here　he
enclosed　and　fortified　the　choicest　of　his　army。　As　for　the　idle
talkers　and　disorderly　bad　citizens　who　ran　off　from　his　camp　and　made
their　way　back；　he　bade　his　officers　not　regard　them；　since　here
they　would　have　been　not　only　useless　and　ungovernable　themselves；　but
an　actual　hindrance　to　the　rest：　and　further；　being　conscious　to
themselves　of　the　neglect　of　their　duty；　they　would　be　less　ready　to
misrepresent　the　action；　or　raise　a　cry　against　them　at　their　return
home。　When　the　enemy　drew　nigh；　he　bade　his　men　stand　to　their　arms；
until　he　had　finished　the　sacrifice；　in　which　he　spent　a
considerable　time；　either　by　some　difficulty　of　the　thing　itself；　or
on　purpose　to　invite　the　enemy　nearer。　Plutarch；　interpreting　this
tardiness　as　a　failure　in　his　courage；　fell　on　alone　with　the
mercenaries；　which　the　cavalry　perceiving；　could　not　be　contained；　but
issuing　also　out　of　the　camp；　confusedly　and　in　disorder；　spurred　up
to　the　enemy。　The　first　who　came　up　were　defeated；　the　rest　were　put
to　the　rout。　Plutarch　himself　took　to　flight；　and　a　body　of　the
enemy　advanced　in　the　hope　of　carrying　the　camp；　supposing
themselves　to　have　secured　the　victory。　But　by　this　time；　the
sacrifice　being　over；　the　Athenians　within　the　camp　came　forward；
and　falling　upon　them　put　them　to　flight；　and　killed　the　greater
number　as　they　fled　among　the　intrenchments；　while　Phocion；　ordering
his　infantry　to　keep　on　the　watch　and　rally　those　who　came　in　from　the
previous　flight；　himself；　with　a　body　of　his　best　men；　engaged　the
enemy　in　a　sharp　and　bloody　fight；　in　which　all　of　them　behaved　with
signal　courage　and　gallantry。　Thallus；　the　son　of　Cineas；　and
Glaucus　of　Polymedes；　who　fought　near　the　general；　gained　the
honours　of　the　day。　Cleophanes；　also；　did　good　service　in　the
battle。　Recovering　the　cavalry　from　its　defeat；　and　with　his　shouts
and　encouragement　bringing　them　up　to　succour　the　general；　who　was
in　danger；　he　confirmed　the　victory　obtained　by　the　infantry。
Phocion　now　expelled　Plutarch　from　Eretria；　and　possessed　himself　of
the　very　important　fort　of　Zaretra；　situated　where　the　island　is
pinched　in；　as　it　were；　by　the　seas　on　each　side；　and　its　breadth　most
reduced　to　a　narrow　girth。　He　released　all　the　Greeks　whom　he　took；
out　of　fear　of　the　public　speakers　at　Athens；　thinking　they　might　very
likely　persuade　the　people　in　their　anger　into　committing　some　act
of　cruelty。
　　This　affair　thus　despatched　and　settled；　Phocion　set　sail　homewards；
and　the　allies　had　soon　as　good　reason　to　regret　the　loss　of　his
just　and　humane　dealing　as　the　Athenians　that　of　his　experience　and
courage。　Molossus；　the　commander　who　took　his　place；　had　no　better
success　than　to　fall　alive　into　the　enemy's　hands。
　　Philip；　full　of　great　thoughts　and　designs；　now　advanced　with　all
his　forces　into　the　Hellespont；　to　seize　the　Chersonesus　and
Perinthus；　and　after　them　Byzantium。　The　Athenians　raised　a　force　to
relieve　them；　but　the　popular　leaders　made　it　their　business　to　prefer
Chares　to　be　general；　who；　sailing　thither；　effected　nothing　worthy　of
the　means　placed　in　his　hands。　The　cities　were　afraid；　and　would　not
receive　his　ships　into　their　harbours；　so　that　he　did　nothing　but
wander　about；　raising　money　from　their　friends；　and　despised　by
their　enemies。　When　the　people；　chafed　by　the　orators；　were
extremely　indignant；　and　repented　having　ever　sent　any　help　to　the
Byzantines；　Phocion　rose　and　told　them　they　ought　not　to　be　angry　with
the　allies　for　distrusting；　but　with　their　generals　for　being
distrusted。　〃They　make　you　suspected；〃　he　said；　〃even　by　those　who
cannot　possibly　subsist　without　your　succour。〃　The　assembly　being
moved　with　this　speech　of　his；　changed　their　minds　on　the　sudden；
and　commanded　him　immediately　to　raise　another　force；　and　go　himself
to　assist　their　confederates　in　the　Hellespont；　an　appointment
which；　in　effect；　contributed　more　than　anything　to　the　relief　of
Byzantium。
　　For　Phocion's　name　was　already　honourably　known；　and　an　old
acquaintance　of　his；　who　had　been　his　fellow…student　in　the　Academy；
Leon；　a　man　of　high　renown　for　virtue　among　the　Byzantines；　having
vouched　for　Phocion　to　the　city；　they　opened　their　gates　to　receive
him；　not　permitting　him；　though　he　desired　it；　to　encamp　without　the
walls；　but　entertained　him　and　all　the　Athenians　with　perfect
reliance；　while　they；　to　requite　their　confidence；　behaved　among　their
new　hosts　soberly　and　inoffensively；　and　exerted　themselves　on　all
occasions　with　the　greatest　zeal　and　resolution　for　their　defence。
Thus　King　Philip　was　driven　out　of　the　Hellespont；　and　was　despised　to
boot；　whom；　till　now；　it　had　been　thought　impossible　to　match；　or　even
to　oppose。　Phocion　also　took　some　of　his　ships；　and　recaptured　some　of
the　places　he　had　garrisoned；　making　besides　several　inroads　into
the　country；　which　he　plundered　and　overran；　until　he　received　a　wound
from　some　of　the　enemy　who　came　to　the　defence；　and；　thereupon；　sailed
away　home。
　　The　Megarians　at　this　time　privately　praying　aid　of　the　Athenians；
Phocion；　fearing　lest　the　Boeotians　should　hear　of　it；　and
anticipate　them；　called　an　assembly　at　sunrise；　and　brought　forward
the　petition　of　the　Megarians；　and　immediately　after　the　vote　had　been
put；　and　carried　in　their　favour；　he　sounded　the　trumpet；　and　led
the　Athenians　straight　from　the　assembly；　to　arm　and　put　themselves　in
posture。　The　Megarians　received　them　joyfully；　and　he　proceeded　to
fortify　Nisaea；　and　built　two　new　long　walls　from　the　city　to　the
arsenal；　and　so　joined　it　to　the　sea；　so　that　having　now　little　reason
to　regard　the　enemies　on　the　land　side；　it　placed　its　dependence
entirely　on　the　Athenians。
　　When　final　hostilities　with　Philip　were　now　certain；　and　in
Phocion's　absence　other　generals　had　been　nominated；　he；　on　his
arrival　from　the　islands；　dealt　earnestly　with　the　Athenians；　that
since　Philip　showed　peaceable　inclinations　towards　them；　and　greatly
apprehended　the　danger；　they　would　consent　to　a　treaty。　Being
contradicted　in　this　by　one　of　the　ordinary　frequenters　of　the
courts　of　justice；　a　common　accuser；　who　asked　him　if　he　durst　presume
to　persuade　the　Athenians　to　peace；　now　their　arms　were　in　their
hands；　〃Yes；〃　said　he；　〃though　I　know　that　if　there　be　war；　I　shall　be
in　office　over　you；　and　if　peace；　you　over　me。〃　But　when　he　could
not　prevail；　and　Demosthenes's　opinion　carried　it；　advising　them　to
make　war　as　far　off　from　home　as　possible；　and　fight　the　battle　out　of
Attica；　〃Good　friends；〃　said　Phocion；　〃let　us　not　ask　where　we　shall
fight；　but　how　we　may　conquer　in　the　war。　That　will　be　the　way　to　keep
it　at　a　distance。　If　we　are　beaten；　it　will　be　quickly　at　our
doors。〃　After　the　defeat；　when　the　clamourers　and　incendiaries　in
the　town　would　have　brought　up　Charidemus　to　the　hustings；　to　be
nominated　to　the　command；　the　best　of　the　citizens　were　in　a　panic；
and　supporting　themselves　with　the　aid　of　th