phocion-第4部分

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and　supporting　themselves　with　the　aid　of　the　council　of　the
Areopagus；　with　entreaties　and　tears；　hardly　prevailed　upon　the　people
to　have　Phocion　entrusted　with　the　care　of　the　city。　He　was　of
opinion；　in　general；　that　the　fair　terms　to　be　expected　from　Philip
should　be　accepted；　yet　after　Demades　had　made　a　motion　that　the
city　should　receive　the　common　conditions　of　peace　in　concurrence　with
the　rest　of　the　states　of　Greece；　he　opposed　it；　till　it　were　known
what　the　particulars　were　which　Philip　demanded。　He　was　overborne　in
this　advice；　under　the　pressure　of　the　time；　but　almost　immediately
after　the　Athenians　repented　it；　when　they　understood　that　by　these
articles　they　were　obliged　to　furnish　Philip　both　with　horse　and
shipping。　〃It　was　the　fear　of　this；〃　said　Phocion；　〃that　occasioned　my
opposition。　But　since　the　thing　is　done；　let　us　make　the　best　of　it；
and　not　be　discouraged。　Our　forefathers　were　sometimes　in　command；　and
sometimes　under　it；　and　by　doing　their　duty；　whether　as　rulers　or　as
subjects；　saved　their　own　country　and　the　rest　of　Greece。〃
　　Upon　the　news　of　Philip's　death；　he　opposed　himself　to　any　public
demonstrations　of　joy　and　jubilee；　saying　it　would　be　ignoble　to
show　malice　upon　such　an　occasion；　and　that　the　army　that　had　fought
them　at　Chaeronea　was　only　diminished　by　a　single　man。
　　When　Demosthenes　made　his　invectives　against　Alexander；　now　on　his
way　to　attack　Thebes；　he　repeated　those　verses　of　Homer：…

　　　　　　　　　〃Unwise　one；　wherefore　to　a　second　stroke
　　　　　　　　　　His　anger　be　foolhardy　to　provoke？〃

and　asked　〃Why　stimulate　his　already　eager　passion　for　glory？　Why　take
pains　to　expose　the　city　to　the　terrible　conflagration　now　so　near？
We；　who　accepted　office　to　save　our　fellow…citizens；　will　not；　however
they　desire　it；　be　consenting　to　their　destruction。〃
　　After　Thebes　was　lost；　and　Alexander　had　demanded　Demosthenes；
Lycurgus；　Hyperides；　and　Charidemus　to　be　delivered　up；　the　whole
assembly　turning　their　eyes　to　him；　and　calling　on　him　by　name　to
deliver　his　opinion；　at　last　he　rose　up；　and　showing　them　one　of　his
most　intimate　friends；　whom　he　loved　and　confided　in　above　all　others；
told　them；　〃You　have　brought　things　amongst　you　to　that　pass；　that　for
my　part；　should　he　demand　this　my　friend　Nicocles；　I　would　not
refuse　to　give　him　up。　For　as　for　myself；　to　have　it　in　my　power　to
sacrifice　my　own　life　and　fortune　for　the　common　safety；　I　should
think　the　greatest　of　good　fortune。　Truly；〃　he　added；　〃it　pierces　my
heart　to　see　those　who　are　fled　hither　for　succour　from　the　desolation
of　Thebes。　Yet　it　is　enough　for　Greece　to　have　Thebes　to　deplore。　It
will　be　more　for　the　interest　of　all　that　we　should　deprecate　the
conqueror's　anger；　and　intercede　for　both；　than　run　the　hazard　of
another　battle。〃
　　When　this　was　decreed　by　the　people；　Alexander　is　said　to　have
rejected　their　first　address　when　it　was　presented；　throwing　it　from
him　scornfully；　and　turning　his　back　upon　the　deputation；　who　left　him
in　affright。　But　the　second；　which　was　presented　by　Phocion；　he
received；　understanding　from　the　older　Macedonians　how　much　Philip　had
admired　and　esteemed　him。　And　he　not　only　gave　him　audience　and
listened　to　his　memorial　and　petition；　but　also　permitted　him　to
advise　him；　which　he　did　to　this　effect；　that　if　his　designs　were
for　quietness；　he　should　make　peace　at　once；　if　glory　were　his　aim；　he
should　make　war；　not　upon　Greece；　but　on　the　barbarians。　With
various　counsels　and　suggestions；　happily　designed　to　meet　the
genius　and　feelings　of　Alexander；　he　so　won　upon　him；　and　softened　his
temper；　that　he　bade　the　Athenians　not　forget　their　position；　as　if
anything　went　wrong　with　him；　the　supremacy　belonged　to　them。　And　to
Phocion　himself；　whom　he　adopted　as　his　friend　and　guest；　he　showed
a　respect；　and　admitted　him　to　distinctions；　which　few　of　those　who
were　continually　near　his　person　ever　received。　Duris；　at　any　rate；
tells　us；　that　when　he　became　great；　and　had　conquered　Darius；　in
the　heading　of　all　his　letters　he　left　off　the　word　Greeting；　except
in　those　he　wrote　to　Phocion。　To　him；　and　to　Antipater　alone；　he
condescended　to　use　it。　This　also　is　stated　by　Chares。
　　As　for　his　munificence　to　him；　it　is　well　known　he　sent　him　a
present　at　one　time　of　one　hundred　talents；　and　this　being　brought
to　Athens；　Phocion　asked　of　the　bearers　how　it　came　to　pass　that　among
all　the　Athenians　he　alone　should　be　the　object　of　this　bounty。
Being　told　that　Alexander　esteemed　him　alone　a　person　of　honour　and
worth；　〃Let　him；　then；〃　said　he；　〃permit　me　to　continue　so　and　be
still　so　reputed。〃　Following　him　to　his　house；　and　observing　his
simple　and　plain　way　of　living；　his　wife　employed　in　kneading　bread
with　her　own　hands；　himself　drawing　water　to　wash　his　feet；　they
pressed　him　to　accept　it；　with　some　indignation；　being　ashamed；　as
they　said；　that　Alexander's　friend　should　live　so　poorly　and
pitifully。　So　Phocion；　pointing　out　to　them　a　poor　old　fellow；　in　a
dirty　worn…out　coat；　passing　by；　asked　them　if　they　thought　him　in
worse　condition　than　this　man。　They　bade　him　not　mention　such　a
comparison。　〃Yet；〃　said　Phocion；　〃he；　with　less　to　live　upon　than　I；
finds　it　sufficient；　and　in　brief；〃　he　continued；　〃if　I　do　not　use
this　money；　what　good　is　there　in　my　having　it；　and　if　I　do　use　it；
I　shall　procure　an　ill　name；　both　for　myself　and　for　Alexander；
among　my　countrymen。〃　So　the　treasure　went　back　again　from　Athens；
to　prove　to　Greece；　by　a　signal　example；　that　he　who　could　afford　to
give　so　magnificent　a　present；　was　yet　not　so　rich　as　he　who　could
afford　to　refuse　it。　And　when　Alexander　was　displeased；　and　wrote　back
to　him　to　say　that　he　could　not　esteem　those　his　friends　who　would　not
be　obliged　by　him；　not　even　would　this　induce　Phocion　to　accept　the
money；　but　he　begged　leave　to　intercede　with　him　in　behalf　of
Echecratides；　the　sophist；　and　Athenodorus；　the　Imbrian；　as　also　for
Demaratus　and　Sparton；　two　Rhodians；　who　had　been　arrested　upon　some
charges；　and　were　in　custody　at　Sardis。　This　was　instantly　granted
by　Alexander；　and　they　were　set　at　liberty。　Afterwards；　when　sending
Craterus　into　Macedonia；　he　commanded　him　to　make　him　an　offer　of　four
cities　in　Asia；　Cius；　Gergithus；　Mylasa；　and　Elaea；　any　one　of
which；　at　his　choice；　should　be　delivered　to　him；　insisting　yet　more
positively　with　him；　and　declaring　he　should　resent　it；　should　he
continue　obstinate　in　his　refusal。　But　Phocion　was　not　to　be　prevailed
with　at　all；　and　shortly　after；　Alexander　died。
　　Phocion's　house　is　shown　to　this　day　in　Melita；　ornamented　with
small　plates　of　copper；　but　otherwise　plain　and　homely。　Concerning　his
wives；　of　the　first　of　them　there　is　little　said；　except　that　she
was　sister　of　Cephisodotus；　the　statuary。　The　other　was　a　matron　of　no
less　reputation　for　her　virtues　and　simple　living　among　the
Athenians　than　Phocion　was　for　his　probity。　It　happened　once　when
the　people　were　entertained　with　a　new　tragedy；　that　the　actor；　just
as　he　was　to　enter　the　stage　to　perform　the　part　of　a　queen；
demanded　to　have　a　number　of　attendants　sumptuously　dressed；　to　follow
in　his　train；　and　on　their　not　being　provided；　was　sullen　and
refused　to　act；　keeping　the　audience　waiting；　till　at　last　Melanthius；
who　had　to　furnish　the　chorus；　pushed　him　on　the　stage；　crying　out；
〃What；　don't　you　know　that　Phocion's　wife　is　never　attended　by　more
than　a　single　waiting…woman；　but　you　must　needs　be　grand；　and　fill　our
women's　heads　with　vanity？〃　This　speech　of　his；　spoken　loud　enough
to　be　heard；　was　received　with　great　applause；　and　clapped　all　round
the　theatre。　She　herself；　when　once　entertaining　a　visitor　out　of
Ionia；　who　showed　her　all　her　rich　ornaments；　made　of　gold　and　set
with　jewels；　her　wreaths；　necklaces；　and　the　like；　〃For　my　part；〃　said
she；　〃all　my　ornament　is　my　husband；　Phocion；　now　for　the　twentieth
year　in　office　as　general　at　Athens。〃
　　He　had　a　son　named　Phocus；　who　wished　to　take　part　in　the　games　at
the　great　feast　of　Minerva。　He　permitted　him　so　to　do；　in　the
contest　of　leaping；　not　with　any　view　to　the　victory；　but　in　the
hope　that　the　training　and　discipline　for　it　would　make　him　a　better
man；　the　youth　being　in　a　general　way　a　lover　of　drinking；　and
ill…regulated　in　his　habits。　On　his　having　succeeded　in　the　sports；
many　were　eager　for　the　honour　of　his　company　at　banquets　in
celebration　of　the　victory。　Phocion　declined　all　these　invitations　but
one；　and　when　he　came　to　this　entertainment　and　saw　the　costly
preparations；　even　the　water　brought　to　wash　the　guests'　feet　being
mingled　with　wine　and　spices；　he　reprimanded　his　son；　asking　him　why
he　would　so　far　permit　his　friend　to　sully　the　honour　of　his
victory。　And　in　the　hope　of　wholly　weaning　the　young　man　from　such
habits　and　company；　he　sent　him　to　Lacedaemon；　and　placed　him　among
the　youths　then　under　the　course　of　the　Spartan　discipline。　This　the
Athenians　took　offence　at；　as　though　he　slighted　and　contemned　the
education　at　home：　and　Demades　twitted　him　with　it　publicly。　〃Suppose；
Phocion；　you　and　I　advise　the　Athenians　to　adopt　the　Spartan
constitution。　If　you　like；　I　am　ready　to　introduce　a　bill　to　that
effect；　and　to　speak　in　its　favour。〃　〃Indeed；〃　said　Phocion；　〃you；
with　that　strong　scent　of　perfumes　about　you；　and　with　that　mantle
on　your　shoulders；　are　just　the　very　man　to　speak　in　honour　of
Lycurgus；　and　recommend　the　Spartan　table。〃
　　When　Alexander　wrote　to　demand　a　supply　of　galleys；　and　the　public
speakers　objected　to　sending　them；　Phocion；　on　the　council
requesting　his　opinion；　told　them　freely；　〃Sirs；　I　would　either　have
you　victorious　yourselves；　or　friends　of　those　who　are　so。〃　He　took　up
Pytheas；　who　about　this　time　first　began　to　address　the　assembly；
and　already　showed　himself　a　confident；　talking　fellow；　by　saying　that
a　young　slave　whom　the　people　had　but　bought　yesterday　ought　to　have
the　manners　to　hold　his　tongue。　And　when　Harpalus；　who　had　fled　from
Alexander　out　of　Asia；　carrying　off　a　large　sum　of　money；　came　to
Attica；　and　there　was　a　perfect　race　among　the　ordinary　public　men
of　the　assembly　who　should　be　the　first　to　take　his　pay；　he
distributed　amongst　these　some　trifling　sums　by　w