the essays of montaigne, v17-第3部分
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handsomely how to cherish my old age; and to rock it asleep; into whose
hands I might deposit; in full sovereignty; the management and use of all
my goods; that he might dispose of them as I do; and get by them what I
get; provided that he on his part were truly acknowledging; and a friend。
But we live in a world where loyalty of one's own children is unknown。
He who has the charge of my purse in his travels; has it purely and
without control; he could cheat me thoroughly; if he came to reckoning;
and; if he is not a devil; I oblige him to deal faithfully with me by so
entire a trust:
〃Multi fallere do cuerunt; dum timent falli;
et aliis jus peccandi suspicando fecerunt。〃
'〃Many have taught others to deceive; while they fear to be
deceived; and; by suspecting them; have given them a title to do
ill。〃Seneca; Epist。; 3。'
The most common security I take of my people is ignorance; I never
presume any to be vicious till I have first found them so; and repose the
most confidence in the younger sort; that I think are least spoiled by
ill example。 I had rather be told at two months' end that I have spent
four hundred crowns; than to have my ears battered every night with
three; five; seven: and I have been; in this way; as little robbed as
another。 It is true; I am willing enough not to see it; I; in some sort;
purposely; harbour a kind of perplexed; uncertain knowledge of my money:
up to a certain point; I am content to doubt。 One must leave a little
room for the infidelity or indiscretion of a servant; if you have left
enough; in gross; to do your business; let the overplus of Fortune's
liberality run a little more freely at her mercy; 'tis the gleaner's
portion。 After all; I do not so much value the fidelity of my people as
I contemn their injury。 What a mean and ridiculous thing it is for a man
to study his money; to delight in handling and telling it over and over
again! 'Tis by this avarice makes its approaches。
In eighteen years that I have had my estate in my; own hands; I could
never prevail with myself either to read over my deeds or examine my
principal affairs; which ought; of necessity; to pass under my knowledge
and inspection。 'Tis not a philosophical disdain of worldly and
transitory things; my taste is not purified to that degree; and I value
them at as great a rate; at least; as they are worth; but 'tis; in truth;
an inexcusable and childish laziness and negligence。 What would I not
rather do than read a contract? or than; as a slave to my own business;
tumble over those dusty writings? or; which is worse; those of another
man; as so many do nowadays; to get money? I grudge nothing but care and
trouble; and endeavour nothing so much; as to be careless and at ease。
I had been much fitter; I believe; could it have been without obligation
and servitude; to have lived upon another man's fortune than my own: and;
indeed; I do not know; when I examine it nearer; whether; according to my
humour; what I have to suffer from my affairs and servants; has not in it
something more abject; troublesome; and tormenting than there would be in
serving a man better born than myself; who would govern me with a gentle
rein; and a little at my own case:
〃Servitus obedientia est fracti animi et abjecti;
arbitrio carentis suo。〃
'〃Servitude is the obedience of a subdued and abject mind; wanting
its own free will。〃Cicero; Paradox; V。 I。'
Crates did worse; who threw himself into the liberty of poverty; only to
rid himself of the inconveniences and cares of his house。 This is what I
would not do; I hate poverty equally with pain; but I could be content to
change the kind of life I live for another that was humbler and less
chargeable。
When absent from home; I divest myself of all these thoughts; and should
be less concerned for the ruin of a tower; than I am; when present; at
the fall of a tile。 My mind is easily composed at distance; but suffers
as much as that of the meanest peasant when I am at home; the reins of my
bridle being wrongly put on; or a strap flapping against my leg; will
keep me out of humour a day together。 I raise my courage; well enough
against inconveniences: lift up my eyes I cannot:
〃Sensus; o superi; sensus。〃
'〃The senses; O ye gods; the senses。〃'
I am at home responsible for whatever goes amiss。 Few masters (I speak
of those of medium condition such as mine); and if there be any such;
they are more happy; can rely so much upon another; but that the greatest
part of the burden will lie upon their own shoulders。 This takes much
from my grace in entertaining visitors; so that I have; peradventure;
detained some rather out of expectation of a good dinner; than by my own
behaviour; and lose much of the pleasure I ought to reap at my own house
from the visitation and assembling of my friends。 The most ridiculous
carriage of a gentleman in his own house; is to see him bustling about
the business of the place; whispering one servant; and looking an angry
look at another: it ought insensibly to slide along; and to represent an
ordinary current; and I think it unhandsome to talk much to our guests of
their entertainment; whether by way of bragging or excuse。 I love order
and cleanliness
〃Et cantharus et lanx
Ostendunt mihi me〃
'〃The dishes and the glasses shew me my own reflection。〃
Horace; Ep。; i。 5; 23'
more than abundance; and at home have an exact regard to necessity;
little to outward show。 If a footman falls to cuffs at another man's
house; or stumble and throw a dish before him as he is carrying it up;
you only laugh and make a jest on't; you sleep whilst the master of the
house is arranging a bill of fare with his steward for your morrow's
entertainment。 I speak according as I do myself; quite appreciating;
nevertheless; good husbandry in general; and how pleasant quiet and
prosperous household management; carried regularly on; is to some
natures; and not wishing to fasten my own errors and inconveniences to
the thing; nor to give Plato the lie; who looks upon it as the most
pleasant employment to every one to do his particular affairs without
wrong to another。
When I travel I have nothing to care for but myself; and the laying out
my money; which is disposed of by one single precept; too many things are
required to the raking it together; in that I understand nothing; in
spending; I understand a little; and how to give some show to my expense;
which is indeed its principal use; but I rely too ambitiously upon it;
which renders it unequal and difform; and; moreover; immoderate in both
the one and the other aspect; if it makes a show; if it serve the turn;
I indiscreetly let it run; and as indiscreetly tie up my purse…strings;
if it does not shine; and does not please me。 Whatever it be; whether
art or nature; that imprints in us the condition of living by reference
to others; it does us much more harm than good; we deprive ourselves of
our own utilities; to accommodate appearances to the common opinion:
we care not so much what our being is; as to us and in reality; as what
it is to the public observation。 Even the properties of the mind; and
wisdom itself; seem fruitless to us; if only enjoyed by ourselves; and if
it produce not itself to the view and approbation of others。 There is a
sort of men whose gold runs in streams underground imperceptibly; others
expose it all in plates and branches; so that to the one a liard is worth
a crown; and to the others the inverse: the world esteeming its use and
value; according to the show。 All over…nice solicitude about riches
smells of avarice: even the very disposing of it; with a too systematic
and artificial liberality; is not worth a painful superintendence and
solicitude: he; that will order his expense to just so much; makes it too
pinched and narrow。 The keeping or spending are; of themselves;
indifferent things; and receive no colour of good or ill; but according
to the application of the will。
The other cause that tempts me out to these journeys is; inaptitude for
the present manners in our state。 I could easily console myself for this
corruption in regard to the public interest:
〃Pejoraque saecula ferri
Temporibus; quorum sceleri non invenit ipsa
Nomen; et a nullo posuit natura metallo;〃
'〃And; worse than the iron ages; for whose crimes there is no
similitude in any of Nature's metals。〃Juvenal; xiii。 28。'
but not to my own。 I am; in particular; too much oppressed by them: for;
in my neighbourhood; we are; of late; by the long licence of our civil
wars; grown old in so riotous a form of state;
〃Quippe ubi fas versum atque nefas;〃
'〃Where wrong and right have changed places。〃
Virgil; Georg。; i。 504。'
that in earnest; 'tis a wonder how it can subsist:
〃Armati terram exercent; semperque recentes
Convectare juvat praedas; et vivere rapto。〃
'〃Men plough; girt with arms; ever delighting in fresh robberies;
and living by rapine。〃AEneid; vii。 748。'
In fine; I see by our example; that the society of men is maintained and
held together; at what price soever; in what condition soever they are
placed; they still close and stick together; both moving and in heaps; as
ill united bodies; that; shuffled together without order; find of
themselves a means to unite and settle; often better than they could have
been disposed by art。 King Philip mustered up a rabble of the most
wicked and incorrigible rascals he could pick out; and put them all
together into a city he had caused to be built for that purpose; which
bore their name: I believe that they; even from vices themselves; erected
a government amongst them; and a commodious and just society。 I see; not
one action; or three; or a hundred; but manners; in common and received
use; so ferocious; especially in inhumanity and treachery; which are to
me the worst of all vices; that I have not the heart to think of them
without horror; and almost