the ragged trousered philanthropists-第115部分

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‘'Ear；　'ear；'　said　Crass。　　‘I　was　just　goin'　to　say　the　same　thing。'

‘If　the　Government　of　a　country　began　to　issue　large　amounts　of　paper　money　under　the　present　system；'　Barrington　replied；　‘it　would　inevitably　lead　to　bankruptcy；　for　the　simple　reason　that　paper　money　under　the　present　system　…　bank…notes；　bank　drafts；　postal　orders；　cheques　or　any　other　form　…　is　merely　a　printed　promise　to　pay　the　amount　…　in　gold　or　silver　…　on　demand　or　at　a　certain　date。　　Under　the　present　system　if　a　Government　issues　more　paper　money　than　it　possesses　gold　and　silver　to　redeem；　it　is　of　course　bankrupt。　　But　the　paper　money　that　will　be　issued　under　a　Socialist　Administration　will　not　be　a　promise　to　pay　in　gold　or　silver　on　demand　or　at　any　time。　　It　will　be　a　promise　to　supply　commodities　to　the　amount　specified　on　the　note；　and　as　there　could　be　no　dearth　of　those　things　there　could　be　no　possibility　of　bankruptcy。'

‘I　should　like　to　know　who's　goin'　to　appoint　the　hofficers　of　this　'ere　hindustrial　harmy；'　said　the　man　on　the　pail。　　‘We　don't　want　to　be　bullied　and　chivied　and　chased　about　by　a　lot　of　sergeants　and　corporals　like　a　lot　of　soldiers；　you　know。'

‘'Ear。　'ear；'　said　Crass。　　‘You　must　'ave　some　masters。　　Someone's　got　to　be　in　charge　of　the　work。'

‘We　don't　have　to　put　up　with　any　bullying　or　chivying　or　chasing　now；　do　we？'　said　Barrington。　　‘So　of　course　we　could　not　have　anything　of　that　sort　under　Socialism。　　We　could　not　put　up　with　it　at　all！　　Even　if　it　were　only　for　four　or　five　hours　a　day。　　Under　the　present　system　we　have　no　voice　in　appointing　our　masters　and　overseers　and　foremen　…　we　have　no　choice　as　to　what　master　we　shall　work　under。　　If　our　masters　do　not　treat　us　fairly　we　have　no　remedy　against　them。　Under　Socialism　it　will　be　different；　the　workers　will　be　part　of　the　community；　the　officers　or　managers　and　foremen　will　be　the　servants　of　the　community；　and　if　any　one　of　these　men　were　to　abuse　his　position　he　could　be　promptly　removed。　　As　for　the　details　of　the　organization　of　the　Industrial　Army；　the　difficulty　is；　again；　not　so　much　to　devise　a　way；　but　to　decide　which　of　many　ways　would　be　the　best；　and　the　perfect　way　will　probably　be　developed　only　after　experiment　and　experience。　　The　one　thing　we　have　to　hold　fast　to　is　the　fundamental　principle　of　State　employment　or　National　service。　Production　for　use　and　not　for　profit。　　The　national　organization　of　industry　under　democratic　control。　　One　way　of　arranging　this　business　would　be　for　the　community　to　elect　a　Parliament　in　much　the　same　way　as　is　done　at　present。　　The　only　persons　eligible　for　election　to　be　veterans　of　the　industrial　Army；　men　and　women　who　had　put　in　their　twenty…five　years　of　service。

‘This　Administrative　Body　would　have　control　of　the　different　State　Departments。　　There　would　be　a　Department　of　Agriculture；　a　Department　of　Railways　and　so　on；　each　with　its　minister　and　staff。

‘All　these　Members　of　Parliament　would　be　the　relatives　…　in　some　cases　the　mothers　and　fathers　of　those　in　the　Industrial　Service；　and　they　would　be　relied　upon　to　see　that　the　conditions　of　that　service　were　the　best　possible。

‘As　for　the　different　branches　of　the　State　Service；　they　could　be　organized　on　somewhat　the　same　lines　as　the　different　branches　of　the　Public　Service　are　now　…　like　the　Navy；　the　Post　Office　and　as　the　State　Railways　in　some　other　countries；　or　as　are　the　different　branches　of　the　Military　Army；　with　the　difference　that　all　promotions　will　be　from　the　ranks；　by　examinations；　and　by　merit　only。　　As　every　recruit　will　have　had　the　same　class　of　education　they　will　all　have　absolute　equality　of　opportunity　and　the　men　who　would　attain　to　positions　of　authority　would　be　the　best　men；　and　not　as　at　present；　the　worst。'

‘How　do　you　make　that　out？'　demanded　Crass。

‘Under　the　present　system；　the　men　who　become　masters　and　employers　succeed　because　they　are　cunning　and　selfish；　not　because　they　understand　or　are　capable　of　doing　the　work　out　of　which　they　make　their　money。　　Most　of　the　employers　in　the　building　trade　for　instance　would　be　incapable　of　doing　any　skilled　work。　　Very　few　of　them　would　be　worth　their　salt　as　journeymen。　　The　only　work　they　do　is　to　scheme　to　reap　the　benefit　of　the　labour　of　others。

‘The　men　who　now　become　managers　and　foremen　are　selected　not　because　of　their　ability　as　craftsmen；　but　because　they　are　good　slave…drivers　and　useful　producers　of　profit　for　their　employers。'

‘How　are　you　goin'　to　prevent　the　selfish　and　cunnin'；　as　you　call　'em；　from　gettin'　on　top　THEN　as　they　do　now？'　said　Harlow。

‘The　fact　that　all　workers　will　receive　the　same　pay；　no　matter　what　class　of　work　they　are　engaged　in；　or　what　their　position；　will　ensure　our　getting　the　very　best　man　to　do　all　the　higher　work　and　to　organize　our　business。'

Crass　laughed：　‘What！　　Everybody　to　get　the　same　wages？'

‘Yes：　there　will　be　such　an　enormous　quantity　of　everything　produced；　that　their　wages　will　enable　everyone　to　purchase　abundance　of　everything　they　require。　　Even　if　some　were　paid　more　than　others　they　would　not　be　able　to　spend　it。　　There　would　be　no　need　to　save　it；　and　as　there　will　be　no　starving　poor；　there　will　be　no　one　to　give　it　away　to。　　If　it　were　possible　to　save　and　accumulate　money　it　would　bring　into　being　an　idle　class；　living　on　their　fellows：　it　would　lead　to　the　downfall　of　our　system；　and　a　return　to　the　same　anarchy　that　exists　at　present。　　Besides；　if　higher　wages　were　paid　to　those　engaged　in　the　higher　work　or　occupying　positions　of　authority　it　would　prevent　our　getting　the　best　men。　　Unfit　persons　would　try　for　the　positions　because　of　the　higher　pay。　　That　is　what　happens　now。　Under　the　present　system　men　intrigue　for　and　obtain　or　are　pitchforked　into　positions　for　which　they　have　no　natural　ability　at　all；　the　only　reason　they　desire　these　positions　is　because　of　the　salaries　attached　to　them。　　These　fellows　get　the　money　and　the　work　is　done　by　underpaid　subordinates　whom　the　world　never　hears　of。　Under　Socialism；　this　money　incentive　will　be　done　away　with；　and　consequently　the　only　men　who　will　try　for　these　positions　will　be　those　who；　being　naturally　fitted　for　the　work；　would　like　to　do　it。　For　instance　a　man　who　is　a　born　organizer　will　not　refuse　to　undertake　such　work　because　he　will　not　be　paid　more　for　it。　　Such　a　man　will　desire　to　do　it　and　will　esteem　it　a　privilege　to　be　allowed　to　do　it。　　He　will　revel　in　it。　　To　think　out　all　the　details　of　some　undertaking；　to　plan　and　scheme　and　organize；　is　not　work　for　a　man　like　that。　　It　is　a　pleasure。　　But　for　a　man　who　has　sought　and　secured　such　a　position；　not　because　he　liked　the　work；　but　because　he　liked　the　salary　…　such　work　as　this　would　be　unpleasant　labour。　Under　Socialism　the　unfit　man　would　not　apply　for　that　post　but　would　strive　after　some　other　for　which　he　was　fit　and　which　he　would　therefore　desire　and　enjoy。　　There　are　some　men　who　would　rather　have　charge　of　and　organize　and　be　responsible　for　work　than　do　it　with　their　hands。　　There　are　others　who　would　rather　do　delicate　or　difficult　or　artistic　work；　than　plain　work。　　A　man　who　is　a　born　artist　would　rather　paint　a　frieze　or　a　picture　or　carve　a　statue　than　he　would　do　plain　work；　or　take　charge　of　and　direct　the　labour　of　others。　　And　there　are　another　sort　of　men　who　would　rather　do　ordinary　plain　work　than　take　charge；　or　attempt　higher　branches　for　which　they　have　neither　liking　or　natural　talent。

‘But　there　is　one　thing　…　a　most　important　point　that　you　seem　to　entirely　lose　sight　of；　and　that　is；　that　all　these　different　kinds　and　classes　are　equal　in　one　respect　…　THEY　ARE　ALL　EQUALLY　NECESSARY。　Each　is　a　necessary　and　indispensable　part　of　the　whole；　therefore　everyone　who　has　done　his　full　share　of　necessary　work　is　justly　entitled　to　a　full　share　of　the　results。　　The　men　who　put　the　slates　on　are　just　as　indispensable　as　the　men　who　lay　the　foundations。　　The　work　of　the　men　who　build　the　walls　and　make　the　doors　is　just　as　necessary　as　the　work　of　the　men　who　decorate　the　cornice。　　None　of　them　would　be　of　much　use　without　the　architect；　and　the　plans　of　the　architect　would　come　to　nothing；　his　building　would　be　a　mere　castle　in　the　air；　if　it　were　not　for　the　other　workers。　　Each　part　of　the　work　is　equally　necessary；　useful　and　indispensable　if　the　building　is　to　he　perfected。　　Some　of　these　men　work　harder　with　their　brains　than　with　their　hands　and　some　work　harder　with　their　hands　than　with　their　brains；　BUT　EACH　ONE　DOES　HIS　FULL　SHARE　OF　THE　WORK。　　This　truth　will　be　recognized　and　acted　upon　by　those　who　build　up　and　maintain　the　fabric　of　our　Co…operative　Commonwealth。　　Every　man　who　does　his　full　share　of　the　useful　and　necessary　work　according　to　his　abilities　shall　have　his　full　share　of　the　total　result。　　Herein　will　be　its　great　difference　from　the　present　system；　under　which　it　is　possible　for　the　cunning　and　selfish　ones　to　take　advantage　of　the　simplicity　of　others　and　rob　them　of　part　of　the　fruits　of　their　labour。　　As　for　those　who　will　be　engaged　in　the　higher　branches；　they　will　be　sufficiently　rewarded　by　being　privileged　to　do　the　work　they　are　fitted　for　and　enjoy。　　The　only　men　and　women　who　are　capable　of　good　and　great　work　of　any　kind　are　those　who；　being　naturally　fit　for　it；　love　the　work　for　its　own　sake　and　not　for　the　money　it　brings　them。　Under　the　present　system；　many　men　who　have　no　need　of　money　produce　great　works；　not　for　gain　but　for　pleasure：　their　wealth　enables　them　to　follow　their　natural　inclinations。　　Under　the　present　system　many　men　and　women　capable　of　great　works　are　prevented　from　giving　expression　to　their　powers　by　poverty　and　lack　of　opportunity：　they　live　in　sorrow　and　die　heartbroken；　and　the　community　is　the　loser。　These　are　the　men　and　women　who　will　be　our　artists；　sculptors；　architects；　engineers　and　captains　of　industry。

‘Under　the　present　system　there　are　men　at　the　head　of　affairs　whose　only　object　is　the　accumulation　of　money。　　Some　of　them　possess　great　abilities　and　the　system　has　practically　compelled　them　to　employ　those　abilities　for　their　own　selfish　ends　to　the　hurt　of　the　community。　　Some　of　them　have　built　up　great　fortunes　out　of　the　sweat　and　blood　an