the history-第133部分

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he　most　beautiful　chariot　that　could　be　found　in　Sparta；　and　after　receiving　abundant　praises；　was；　upon　his　departure；　escorted　as　far　as　the　borders　of　Tegea；　by　the　three　hundred　picked　Spartans；　who　are　called　the　Knights。　Never　was　it　known；　either　before　or　since；　that　the　Spartans　escorted　a　man　out　of　their　city。　　　　　On　the　return　of　Themistocles　to　Athens；　Timodemus　of　Aphidnae；　who　was　one　of　his　enemies；　but　otherwise　a　man　of　no　repute；　became　so　maddened　with　envy　that　he　openly　railed　against　him；　and；　reproaching　him　with　his　journey　to　Sparta；　said…　〃'Twas　not　his　own　merit　that　had　won　him　honour　from　the　men　of　Lacedaemon；　but　the　fame　of　Athens；　his　country。〃　Then　Themistocles；　seeing　that　Timodemus　repeated　this　phrase　unceasingly；　replied…　　　　　〃Thus　stands　the　case；　friend。　I　had　never　got　this　honour　from　the　Spartans；　had　I　been　a　Belbinite…　nor　thou；　hadst　thou　been　an　Athenian！〃　　　　　Artabazus；　the　son　of　Pharnaces；　a　man　whom　the　Persians　had　always　held　in　much　esteem；　but　who；　after　the　affair　of　Plataea；　rose　still　higher　in　their　opinion；　escorted　King　Xerxes　as　far　as　the　strait；　with　sixty　thousand　of　the　chosen　troops　of　Mardonius。　When　the　king　was　safe　in　Asia；　Artabazus　set　out　upon　his　return；　and　on　arriving　near　Palline；　and　finding　that　Mardonius　had　gone　into　winter…quarters　in　Thessaly　and　Macedonia；　and　was　in　no　hurry　for　him　to　join　the　camp；　he　thought　it　his　bounden　duty；　as　the　Potidaeans　had　just　revolted；　to　occupy　himself　in　reducing　them　to　slavery。　For　as　soon　as　the　king　had　passed　beyond　their　territory；　and　the　Persian　fleet　had　made　its　hasty　flight　from　Salamis；　the　Potidaeans　revolted　from　the　barbarians　openly；　as　likewise　did　all　the　other　inhabitants　of　that　peninsula。　　　　　Artabazus；　therefore；　laid　siege　to　Potidaea；　and　having　a　suspicion　that　the　Olynthians　were　likely　to　revolt　shortly；　he　besieged　their　city　also。　Now　Olynthus　was　at　that　time　held　by　the　Bottiaeans；　who　had　been　driven　from　the　parts　about　the　Thermaic　Gulf　by　the　Macedonians。　Artabazus　took　the　city；　and；　having　so　done；　led　out　all　the　inhabitants　to　a　marsh　in　the　neighbourhood；　and　there　slew　them。　After　this　he　delivered　the　place　into　the　hands　of　the　people　called　Chalcideans；　having　first　appointed　Critobulus　of　Torone　to　be　governor。　Such　was　the　way　in　which　the　Chalcideans　got　Olynthus。　　　　　When　this　town　had　fallen；　Artabazus　pressed　the　siege　of　Potidaea　all　the　more　unremittingly；　and　was　pushing　his　operations　with　vigour；　when　Timoxenus；　captain　of　the　Scionaeans；　entered　into　a　plot　to　betray　the　town　to　him。　How　the　matter　was　managed　at　first；　I　cannot　pretend　to　say；　for　no　account　has　come　down　to　us：　but　at　the　last　this　is　what　happened。　Whenever　Timoxenus　wished　to　send　a　letter　to　Artabazus；　or　Artabazus　to　send　one　to　Timoxenus；　the　letter　was　written　on　a　strip　of　paper；　and　rolled　round　the　notched　end　of　an　arrow…shaft；　the　feathers　were　then　put　on　over　the　paper；　and　the　arrow　thus　prepared　was　shot　to　some　place　agreed　upon。　But　after　a　while　the　plot　of　Timoxenus　to　betray　Potidaea　was　discovered　in　this　way。　Artabazus；　on　one　occasion；　shot　off　his　arrow；　intending　to　send　it　to　the　accustomed　place；　but；　missing　his　mark；　hit　one　of　the　Potidaeans　in　the　shoulder。　A　crowd　gathered　about　the　wounded　man；　as　commonly　happens　in　war；　and　when　the　arrow　was　pulled　out；　they　noticed　the　paper；　and　straightway　carried　it　to　the　captains　who　were　present　from　the　various　cities　of　the　peninsula。　The　captains　read　the　letter；　and；　finding　who　the　traitor　was；　nevertheless　resolved；　out　of　regard　for　the　city　of　Scione；　that　as　they　did　not　wish　the　Scionaeans　to　be　thenceforth　branded　with　the　name　of　traitors；　they　would　not　bring　against　him　any　charge　of　treachery。　Such　accordingly　was　the　mode　in　which　this　plot　was　discovered。　　　　　After　Artabazus　had　continued　the　siege　by　the　space　of　three　months；　it　happened　that　there　was　an　unusual　ebb　of　the　tide；　which　lasted　a　long　while。　So　when　the　barbarians　saw　that　what　had　been　sea　was　now　no　more　than　a　swamp；　they　determined　to　push　across　it　into　Pallene；　And　now　the　troops　had　already　made　good　two…fifths　of　their　passage；　and　three…fifths　still　remained　before　they　could　reach　Palline；　when　the　tide　came　in　with　a　very　high　flood；　higher　than　had　ever　been　seen　before；　as　the　inhabitants　of　those　parts　declare；　though　high　floods　are　by　no　means　uncommon。　All　who　were　not　able　to　swim　perished　immediately；　the　rest　were　slain　by　the　Potidaeans；　who　bore　down　upon　them　in　their　sailing　vessels。　The　Potidaeans　say　that　what　caused　this　swell　and　flood；　and　so　brought　about　the　disaster　of　the　Persians　which　ensued　therefrom；　was　the　profanation；　by　the　very　men　now　destroyed　in　the　sea；　of　the　temple　and　image　of　Neptune；　situated　in　their　suburb。　And　in　this　they　seem　to　me　to　say　well。　Artabazus　afterwards　led　away　the　remainder　of　his　army；　and　joined　Mardonius　in　Thessaly。　Thus　fared　it　with　the　Persians　who　escorted　the　king　to　the　strait。　　　　　As　for　that　part　of　the　fleet　of　Xerxes　which　had　survived　the　battle；　when　it　had　made　good　its　escape　from　Salamis　to　the　coast　of　Asia；　and　conveyed　the　king　with　his　army　across　the　strait　from　the　Chersonese　to　Abydos；　it　passed　the　winter　at　Cyme。　On　the　first　approach　of　spring；　there　was　an　early　muster　of　the　ships　at　Samos；　where　some　of　them　indeed　had　remained　throughout　the　winter。　Most　of　the　men…at…arms　who　served　on　board　were　Persians；　or　else　Medes；　and　the　command　of　the　fleet　had　been　taken　by　Mardontes；　the　son　of　Bagaeus；　and　Artayntes；　the　son　of　Artachaeus；　while　there　was　likewise　a　third　commander；　Ithamitres；　the　nephew　of　Artayntes；　whom　his　uncle　had　advanced　to　the　post。　Further　west　than　Samos；　however；　they　did　not　venture　to　proceed；　for　they　remembered　what　a　defeat　they　had　suffered；　and　there　was　no　one　to　compel　them　to　approach　any　nearer　to　Greece。　They　therefore　remained　at　Samos；　and　kept　watch　over　Ionia；　to　hinder　it　from　breaking　into　revolt。　The　whole　number　of　their　ships；　including　those　furnished　by　the　Ionians；　was　three　hundred。　It　did　not　enter　into　their　thoughts　that　the　Greeks　would　proceed　against　Ionia；　on　the　contrary；　they　supposed　that　the　defence　of　their　own　country　would　content　them；　more　especially　as　they　had　not　pursued　the　Persian　fleet　when　it　fled　from　Salamis；　but　had　so　readily　given　up　the　chase。　They　despaired；　however；　altogether　of　gaining　any　success　by　sea　themselves；　though　by　land　they　thought　that　Mardonius　was　quite　sure　of　victory。　So　they　remained　at　Samos；　and　took　counsel　together；　if　by　any　means　they　might　harass　the　enemy；　at　the　same　time　that　they　waited　eagerly　to　hear　how　matters　would　proceed　with　Mardonius。　　　　　The　approach　of　spring；　and　the　knowledge　that　Mardonius　was　in　Thessaly；　roused　the　Greeks　from　inaction。　Their　land　force　indeed　was　not　yet　come　together；　but　the　fleet；　consisting　of　one　hundred　and　ten　ships；　proceeded　to　Egina；　under　the　command　of　Leotychides。　This　Leotychides；　who　was　both　general　and　admiral；　was　the　son　of　Menares；　the　son　of　Agesilaus；　the　son　of　Hippocratides；　the　son　of　Leotychides；　the　son　of　Anaxilaus；　the　son　of　Archidamus；　the　son　of　Anaxandrides；　the　son　of　Theopompus；　the　son　of　Nicander；　the　son　of　Charillus；　the　son　of　Eunomus；　the　son　of　Polydectes；　the　son　of　Prytanis；　the　son　of　Euryphon；　the　son　of　Procles；　the　son　of　Aristodemus；　the　son　of　Aristomachus；　the　son　of　Cleodaeus；　the　son　of　Hyllus；　the　son　of　Hercules。　He　belonged　to　the　younger　branch　of　the　royal　house。　All　his　ancestors；　except　the　two　next　in　the　above　list　to　himself；　had　been　kings　of　Sparta。　The　Athenian　vessels　were　commanded　by　Xanthippus；　the　son　of　Ariphron。　　　　　When　the　whole　fleet　was　collected　together　at　Egina；　ambassadors　from　Ionia　arrived　at　the　Greek　station；　they　had　but　just　come　from　paying　a　visit　to　Sparta；　where　they　had　been　intreating　the　Lacedaemonians　to　undertake　the　deliverance　of　their　native　land。　One　of　these　ambassadors　was　Herodotus；　the　son　of　Basileides。　Originally　they　were　seven　in　number；　and　the　whole　seven　had　conspired　to　slay　Strattis　the　tyrant　of　Chios；　one；　however；　of　those　engaged　in　the　plot　betrayed　the　enterprise；　and　the　conspiracy　being　in　this　way　discovered；　Herodotus；　and　the　remaining　five；　quitted　Chios；　and　went　straight　to　Sparta；　whence　they　had　now　proceeded　to　Egina；　their　object　being　to　beseech　the　Greeks　that　they　would　pass　over　to　Ionia。　It　was　not；　however；　without　difficulty　that　they　were　induced　to　advance　even　so　far　as　Delos。　All　beyond　that　seemed　to　the　Greeks　full　of　danger；　the　places　were　quite　unknown　to　them；　and　to　their　fancy　swarmed　with　Persian　troops；　as　for　Samos；　it　appeared　to　them　as　far　off　as　the　Pillars　of　Hercules。　Thus　it　came　to　pass；　that　at　the　very　same　time　the　barbarians　were　hindered　by　their　fears　from　venturing　any　further　west　than　Samos；　and　the　prayers　of　the　Chians　failed　to　induce　the　Greeks　to　advance　any　further　east　than　Delos。　Terror　guarded　the　mid　region。　　　　　The　Greek　fleet　was　now　on　its　way　to　Delos；　but　Mardonius　still　abode　in　his　winter…quarters　in　Thessaly。　When　he　was　about　to　leave　them；　he　despatched　a　man　named　Mys；　a　European　by　birth；　to　go　and　consult　the　different　oracles；　giving　him　orders　to　put　questions　everywhere　to　all　the　oracles　whereof　he　found　it　possible　to　make　trial。　What　it　was　that　he　wanted　to　know；　when　he　gave　Mys　these　orders；　I　am　not　able　to　say；　for　no　account　has　reached　me　of　the　matter；　but　for　my　own　part；　I　suppose　that　he　sent　to　inquire　concerning　the　business　which　he　had　in　hand；　and　not　for　any　other　purpose。　　　　　Mys；　it　is　certain；　went　to　Lebadeia；　and；　by　the　payment　of　a　sum　of　money；　induced　one　of　the　inhabitants　to　go　down　to　Trophonius；　he　likewise　visited　Abae　of　the　Phocians；　and　there　consulted　the　god；　while　at　Thebes；　to　which　place　he　went　first　of　all；　he　not　only　got　access　to　Apollo　Ismenius　（of　whom　inquiry　is　made　by　means　of　victims；　according　to　the　custom　practised　also　at　Olympia）；　but　likewise　prevailed　on　a　man；　who　was　not　a　Theban　but　a　foreigner；　to　pass　the　night　in　the　temple　of　Amphiaraus。　No　Theban　can　lawfully　consult　this　oracle；　for　the　following　reason：　Amphiaraus　by　an　oracle　gave　th