the memorabilia(¼ÍÄîÆ·)-µÚ30²¿·Ö
°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡
uncommon¡¡condition¡¡of¡¡a¡¡silly¡¡mind¡£¡¨£§9£§¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§9£§¡¡¡¡¡¡Or£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨a¡¡¡¡¡¡man¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡senses¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡simpleton¡¨£»¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡sentiment¡¡¡¡¡¡L¡£¡¡
Dind¡£¡¡cf¡£¡¡Isocr¡£¡¡¡¨ad¡¡Demonic¡£¡¨¡¡7¡¡D¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡In¡¡¡¡¡¡answer¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡question£º¡¡¡¡¡¡what¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡leisure£¿¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡discover¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨he¡¡¡¡¡¡said£©¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡
most¡¡men¡¡do¡¡something£º£§10£§¡¡for¡¡instance£»¡¡the¡¡dice¡¡player£»£§11£§¡¡the¡¡gambler£»¡¡
the¡¡buffoon£»¡¡do¡¡something£»¡¡but¡¡these¡¡have¡¡leisure£»¡¡they¡¡can£»¡¡if¡¡they¡¡like£»¡¡
turn¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡do¡¡¡¡¡¡something¡¡¡¡¡¡better£»¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡nobody¡¡¡¡¡¡has¡¡¡¡¡¡leisure¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡turn¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
better¡¡to¡¡the¡¡worse£»¡¡and¡¡if¡¡he¡¡does¡¡so¡¡turn£»¡¡when¡¡he¡¡has¡¡no¡¡leisure£»¡¡he¡¡does¡¡
but¡¡ill¡¡in¡¡that¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§10£§¡¡¡¡¡¡See¡¡¡¡¡¡above£»¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡ii¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡57£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡ref¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡these¡¡¡¡¡¡definitions£»¡¡¡¡¡¡K¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Joel£»¡¡
op¡£¡¡cit¡£¡¡p¡£¡¡347¡¡foll¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§11£§¡¡For¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨dice¡playing¡¨¡¡see¡¡¡¡¡¡Becker£»¡¡¡¨Charicl¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡354¡¡£¨Engl¡£¡¡trans¡££©£»¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡
¡¨buffoonery£»¡¨¡¡ib¡£¡¡98£»¡¡¡¨Symp¡£¡¨¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨To¡¡pass¡¡to¡¡another¡¡definition¡££©¡¡They¡¡are¡¡not¡¡kings¡¡or¡¡rulers¡¡£¨he¡¡said£©¡¡
who¡¡hold¡¡the¡¡sceptre¡¡merely£»¡¡or¡¡are¡¡chosen¡¡by¡¡fellows¡¡out¡¡of¡¡the¡¡street£»£§12£§¡¡
or¡¡are¡¡appointed¡¡by¡¡lot£»¡¡or¡¡have¡¡stepped¡¡into¡¡office¡¡by¡¡violence¡¡or¡¡by¡¡fraud£»¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡118¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡119¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡Memorabilia¡¡
but¡¡those¡¡who¡¡have¡¡the¡¡special¡¡knowledge£§13£§¡¡how¡¡to¡¡rule¡£¡¡Thus¡¡having¡¡
won¡¡the¡¡admission¡¡that¡¡it¡¡is¡¡the¡¡function¡¡of¡¡a¡¡ruler¡¡to¡¡enjoin¡¡what¡¡ought¡¡to¡¡
be¡¡done£»¡¡and¡¡of¡¡those¡¡who¡¡are¡¡ruled¡¡to¡¡obey£»¡¡he¡¡proceeded¡¡to¡¡point¡¡out¡¡by¡¡
instances¡¡that¡¡in¡¡a¡¡ship¡¡the¡¡ruler¡¡or¡¡captain¡¡is¡¡the¡¡man¡¡of¡¡special¡¡knowledge£»¡¡
to¡¡whom£»¡¡as¡¡an¡¡expert£»¡¡the¡¡shipowner¡¡himself¡¡and¡¡all¡¡the¡¡others¡¡on¡¡board¡¡
obey¡£¡¡So¡¡likewise£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡matter¡¡of¡¡husbandry£»¡¡the¡¡proprietor¡¡of¡¡an¡¡estate£»¡¡
in¡¡that¡¡of¡¡sickness£»¡¡the¡¡patient£»¡¡in¡¡that¡¡of¡¡physical¡¡training¡¡of¡¡the¡¡body£»¡¡the¡¡
youthful¡¡athlete¡¡going¡¡through¡¡a¡¡course£»¡¡and£»¡¡in¡¡general£»¡¡every¡¡one¡¡directly¡¡
concerned¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡any¡¡¡¡¡¡matter¡¡¡¡¡¡needing¡¡¡¡¡¡attention¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡care¡¡¡¡¡¡will¡¡¡¡¡¡either¡¡¡¡¡¡attend¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡
this¡¡matter¡¡personally£»¡¡if¡¡he¡¡thinks¡¡he¡¡has¡¡the¡¡special¡¡knowledge£»¡¡or£»¡¡if¡¡he¡¡
mistrusts¡¡his¡¡own¡¡science£»¡¡will¡¡be¡¡eager¡¡to¡¡obey¡¡any¡¡expert¡¡on¡¡the¡¡spot£»¡¡or¡¡
will¡¡even¡¡send¡¡and¡¡fetch¡¡one¡¡from¡¡a¡¡distance¡£¡¡The¡¡guidance¡¡of¡¡this¡¡expert¡¡
he¡¡will¡¡follow£»¡¡and¡¡do¡¡what¡¡he¡¡has¡¡to¡¡do¡¡at¡¡his¡¡dictation¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§12£§¡¡Tom£»¡¡Dick£»¡¡and¡¡Harry¡¡£¨as¡¡we¡¡say£©¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§13£§¡¡The¡¡£ûepisteme£ý¡£¡¡See¡¡above£»¡¡III¡£¡¡v¡£¡¡21£»¡¡Newman£»¡¡op¡£¡¡cit¡£¡¡i¡£¡¡256¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡And¡¡thus£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡art¡¡of¡¡spinning¡¡wool£»¡¡he¡¡liked¡¡to¡¡point¡¡out¡¡that¡¡women¡¡
are¡¡the¡¡rulers¡¡of¡¡menand¡¡why£¿¡¡because¡¡they¡¡have¡¡the¡¡knowledge¡¡of¡¡the¡¡
art£»¡¡and¡¡men¡¡have¡¡not¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡And¡¡if¡¡any¡¡one¡¡raised¡¡the¡¡objection¡¡that¡¡a¡¡tyrant¡¡has¡¡it¡¡in¡¡his¡¡power¡¡not¡¡
to¡¡obey¡¡good¡¡and¡¡correct¡¡advice£»¡¡he¡¡would¡¡retort£º¡¡¡¨Pray£»¡¡how¡¡has¡¡he¡¡the¡¡
option¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡obey£»¡¡¡¡¡¡considering¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡penalty¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡hanging¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡over¡¡¡¡¡¡him¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡
disobeys¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡words¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡wisdom£¿¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡whatever¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡matter¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡
disobeys¡¡the¡¡word¡¡of¡¡good¡¡advice£»¡¡he¡¡will¡¡fall¡¡into¡¡error£»¡¡I¡¡presume£»¡¡and¡¡
falling¡¡into¡¡error£»¡¡be¡¡punished¡£¡¨¡¡And¡¡to¡¡the¡¡suggestion¡¡that¡¡the¡¡tyrant¡¡could£»¡¡
if¡¡he¡¡liked£»¡¡cut¡¡off¡¡the¡¡head¡¡of¡¡the¡¡man¡¡of¡¡wisdom£»¡¡his¡¡answer¡¡was£º¡¡¡¨Do¡¡
you¡¡think¡¡that¡¡he¡¡who¡¡destroys¡¡his¡¡best¡¡ally¡¡will¡¡go¡¡scot¡¡free£»¡¡or¡¡suffer¡¡a¡¡
mere¡¡slight¡¡and¡¡passing¡¡loss£¿¡¡Is¡¡he¡¡more¡¡likely¡¡to¡¡secure¡¡his¡¡salvation¡¡that¡¡
way£»¡¡think¡¡you£»¡¡or¡¡to¡¡compass¡¡his¡¡own¡¡swift¡¡destruction£¿¡¨£§14£§¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§14£§¡¡¡¡¡¡Or£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨Is¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡choose¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡path¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡safety£»¡¡¡¡¡¡think¡¡¡¡¡¡you£¿¡¡¡¡¡¡Is¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡
rather¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡sign¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡own¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡death¡warrent£¿¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡L¡£¡¡¡¡Dind¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡cf¡£¡¡¡¡Hesiod£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨Works¡¡
and¡¡Days£»¡¨¡¡293¡£¡¡See¡¡Newman£»¡¡op¡£¡¡cit¡£¡¡i¡£¡¡393¡397¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡When¡¡some¡¡one¡¡asked¡¡him£º¡¡¡¨What¡¡he¡¡regarded¡¡as¡¡the¡¡best¡¡pursuit¡¡or¡¡
business£§15£§¡¡for¡¡a¡¡man£¿¡¨¡¡he¡¡answered£º¡¡¡¨Successful¡¡conduct¡¨£»£§16£§¡¡and¡¡to¡¡a¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡119¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡120¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡Memorabilia¡¡
second¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡question£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨Did¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡then¡¡¡¡¡¡regard¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡good¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡fortune¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡an¡¡¡¡¡¡end¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡be¡¡
pursued£¿¡¨¡¨On¡¡the¡¡contrary£»¡¨¡¡he¡¡answered£»¡¡¡¨for¡¡myself£»¡¡I¡¡consider¡¡fortune¡¡
and¡¡conduct¡¡to¡¡be¡¡diametrically¡¡opposed¡£¡¡For¡¡instance£»¡¡to¡¡succeed¡¡in¡¡some¡¡
desirable¡¡¡¡¡¡course¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡action¡¡¡¡¡¡without¡¡¡¡¡¡seeking¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡do¡¡¡¡¡¡so£»¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡hold¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡good¡¡
fortune£»¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡do¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡thing¡¡¡¡¡¡well¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡dint¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡learning¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡practice£»¡¡¡¡that¡¡
according¡¡to¡¡my¡¡creed¡¡is¡¡successful¡¡conduct£»£§17£§¡¡and¡¡those¡¡who¡¡make¡¡this¡¡
the¡¡serious¡¡business¡¡of¡¡their¡¡life¡¡seem¡¡to¡¡me¡¡to¡¡do¡¡well¡£¡¨¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§15£§¡¡Or£»¡¡¡¨the¡¡noblest¡¡study¡£¡¨¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§16£§¡¡£ûeupraxia£»¡¡eu¡¡prattein£ýto¡¡do¡¡well£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡sense¡¡both¡¡of¡¡well¡¡or¡¡
right¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡doing£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡welfare£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡accordingly¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡opposed¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡
£ûeutukhia£ý£»¡¡mere¡¡good¡¡luck¡¡or¡¡success¡£¡¡Cf¡£¡¡Plat¡£¡¡¡¨Euthyd¡£¡¨¡¡281¡¡B¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§17£§¡¡Lit¡£¡¡¡¨well¡doing¡¨£»¡¡and¡¡for¡¡the¡¡Socratic¡¡view¡¡see¡¡Newman£»¡¡op¡£¡¡cit¡£¡¡
i¡£¡¡305£»¡¡401¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡They¡¡are¡¡at¡¡once¡¡the¡¡best¡¡and¡¡the¡¡dearest¡¡in¡¡the¡¡sight¡¡of¡¡God£§18£§¡¡£¨he¡¡
went¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡say£©¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡instance¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡husbandry¡¡¡¡¡¡do¡¡¡¡¡¡well¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡things¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡
farming£»¡¡or¡¡in¡¡the¡¡art¡¡of¡¡healing¡¡all¡¡that¡¡belongs¡¡to¡¡healing£»¡¡or¡¡in¡¡statecraft¡¡
the¡¡affairs¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡state£»¡¡¡¡¡¡whereas¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡man¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡does¡¡¡¡¡¡nothing¡¡¡¡¡¡well¡¡¡¡¡¡nor¡¡¡¡¡¡well¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡
anythingis¡¡£¨he¡¡added£©¡¡neither¡¡good¡¡for¡¡anything¡¡nor¡¡dear¡¡to¡¡God¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§18£§¡¡Or£»¡¡¡¨most¡¡divinely¡¡favoured¡£¡¨¡¡Cf¡£¡¡Plat¡£¡¡¡¨Euthyphro£»¡¨¡¡7¡¡A¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡X¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡indeed£»£§1£§¡¡if¡¡chance¡¡brought¡¡him¡¡into¡¡conversation¡¡with¡¡any¡¡one¡¡
possessed¡¡of¡¡an¡¡art£»¡¡and¡¡using¡¡it¡¡for¡¡daily¡¡purposes¡¡of¡¡business£»¡¡he¡¡never¡¡
failed¡¡to¡¡be¡¡useful¡¡to¡¡this¡¡kind¡¡of¡¡person¡£¡¡For¡¡instance£»¡¡stepping¡¡one¡¡time¡¡
into¡¡the¡¡studio¡¡of¡¡Parrhasius£§2£§¡¡the¡¡painter£»¡¡and¡¡getting¡¡into¡¡conversation¡¡
with¡¡him¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§1£§¡¡£ûalla¡¡men¡¡kai£ý¡¡¡£¡¡¡£¡¡¡£¡¡¡¨But¡¡indeed¡¡the¡¡sphere¡¡of¡¡his¡¡helpfulness¡¡was¡¡
not¡¡circumscribed£»¡¡if£»¡¨¡¡etc¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§2£§¡¡For¡¡Parrhasius¡¡of¡¡Ephesus£»¡¡the¡¡son¡¡of¡¡Evenor¡¡and¡¡rival¡¡of¡¡Zeuxis£»¡¡
see¡¡Woltmann¡¡and¡¡Woermann£»¡¡¡¨Hist¡£¡¡of¡¡Painting£»¡¨¡¡p¡£¡¡47¡¡foll¡££»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Cobet£»¡¡
¡¨Pros¡£¡¡Xen¡£¡¨¡¡p¡£¡¡50¡¡£¨cf¡£¡¡in¡¡particular¡¡Quint¡£¡¡XII¡£¡¡x¡£¡¡627£©¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡At¡¡the¡¡date¡¡of¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡120¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡121¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡Memorabilia¡¡
conversation¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨real¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡ideal£©¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡may¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡supposed¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡been¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡
young¡¡man¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡suppose£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Parrhasius¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨said¡¡¡¡¡¡he£©£»¡¡¡¡¡¡painting¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡may¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡defined¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¨a¡¡
representation¡¡of¡¡visible¡¡objects£»¡¨¡¡may¡¡it¡¡not£¿£§3£§¡¡That¡¡is¡¡to¡¡say£»¡¡by¡¡means¡¡
of¡¡colours¡¡and¡¡palette¡¡you¡¡painters¡¡represent¡¡and¡¡reproduce¡¡as¡¡closely¡¡as¡¡
possible¡¡the¡¡ups¡¡and¡¡downs£»¡¡lights¡¡and¡¡shadows£»¡¡hard¡¡and¡¡soft£»¡¡rough¡¡and¡¡
smooth¡¡surfaces£»¡¡the¡¡freshness¡¡of¡¡youth¡¡and¡¡the¡¡wrinkles¡¡of¡¡age£»¡¡do¡¡you¡¡
not£¿¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§3£§¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Reading¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Schneider£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡L¡£¡¡¡¡Dind¡££»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡etc¡££»¡¡¡¡after¡¡¡¡¡¡Stobaeus£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£ûe¡¡
graphike¡¡¡¡¡¡estin¡¡¡¡¡¡eikasia£ý£»¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡if¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡vulg¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡£ûgraphike¡¡¡¡¡¡estin¡¡¡¡¡¡e¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡eikasia£ý£»¡¡
trans¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨Painting¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡term¡¡¡¡¡¡applied¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡particular¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡representation£»¡¨¡¡
etc¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡You¡¡are¡¡right¡¡£¨he¡¡answered£©£»¡¡that¡¡is¡¡so¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Soc¡£¡¡Further£»¡¡in¡¡portraying¡¡ideal¡¡types¡¡of¡¡beauty£»¡¡seeing¡¡it¡¡is¡¡not¡¡easy¡¡to¡¡
light¡¡upon¡¡any¡¡one¡¡human¡¡being¡¡who¡¡is¡¡absolutely¡¡devoid¡¡of¡¡blemish£»¡¡you¡¡
cull¡¡from¡¡many¡¡models¡¡the¡¡most¡¡beautiful¡¡traits¡¡of¡¡each£»¡¡and¡¡so¡¡make¡¡your¡¡
figures¡¡appear¡¡completely¡¡beautiful£¿£§4£§¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§4£§¡¡¡¡¡¡Cf¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Cic¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨de¡¡¡¡¡¡Invent¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡ii¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡1¡¡¡¡¡¡ad¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Zeuxis£»¡¡¡¡¡¡Max¡£¡¡¡¡Tur¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨Dissert¡£¡¨¡¡
23£»¡¡3£»¡¡ap¡£¡¡Schneider¡¡ad¡¡loc¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Parrh¡£¡¡Yes£»¡¡that¡¡is¡¡how¡¡we¡¡do¡££§5£§¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§5£§¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Or£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨that¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡secret¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡our¡¡¡¡¡¡creations£»¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨our¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡art¡¡¡¡of¡¡
composition¡£¡¨¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Well£»¡¡but¡¡stop¡¡£¨Socrates¡¡continued£©£»¡¡do¡¡you¡¡also¡¡pretend¡¡to¡¡represent¡¡in¡¡
similar¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡perfection¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡characteristic¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡moods¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡soul£»¡¡¡¡¡¡its¡¡¡¡captivating¡¡
charm¡¡and¡¡sweetness£»¡¡with¡¡its¡¡deep¡¡wells¡¡of¡¡love£»¡¡its¡¡intensity¡¡of¡¡yearning£»¡¡
its¡¡¡¡¡¡burning¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡point¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡passion£¿¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡quite¡¡¡¡¡¡incapable¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡being¡¡
depicted£¿¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Nay¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨he¡¡¡¡¡¡answered£©£»¡¡¡¡¡¡how¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡should¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡mood¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡other¡¡¡¡¡¡than¡¡¡¡inimitable£»¡¡
Socrates£»¡¡¡¡¡¡when¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡possesses¡¡¡¡¡¡neither¡¡¡¡¡¡linear¡¡¡¡¡¡proportion£§6£§¡¡¡¡¡¡nor¡¡¡¡¡¡colour£»¡¡¡¡¡¡nor¡¡
any¡¡of¡¡those¡¡qualities¡¡which¡¡you¡¡named¡¡just¡¡now£»¡¡when£»¡¡in¡¡a¡¡word£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡
not¡¡even¡¡visible£¿¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§6£§¡¡Lit¡£¡¡¡¨symmetry¡£¡¨¡¡Cf¡£¡¡Plin¡£¡¡xxxv¡£¡¡10£»¡¡¡¨primus¡¡symmetriam¡¡picturae¡¡
dedit£»¡¨¡¡etc¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡121¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡122¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡Memorabilia¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Soc¡£¡¡Well£»¡¡but¡¡the¡¡kindly¡¡look¡¡of¡¡love£»¡¡the¡¡angry¡¡glance¡¡of¡¡hate¡¡at¡¡any¡¡
one£»¡¡do¡¡find¡¡expression¡¡in¡¡the¡¡human¡¡subject£»¡¡do¡¡they¡¡not£¿£§7£§¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§7£§¡¡¡¡¡¡Or£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨the¡¡¡¡glance¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡love£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡scowl¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡hate£»¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡one¡¡¡¡¡¡directs¡¡
towards¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡another£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡recognised¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡expressions¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡human¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡feeling¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡Cf¡£¡¡
the¡¡description¡¡of¡¡Parrhasius's¡¡own¡¡portrait¡¡of¡¡Demos£»¡¡ap¡£¡¡Plin¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡loc¡£¡¡
cit¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Parrh¡£¡¡No¡¡doubt¡¡they¡¡do¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Soc¡£¡¡Then¡¡this¡¡look£»¡¡this¡¡glance£»¡¡at¡¡any¡¡rate¡¡may¡¡be¡¡imitated¡¡in¡¡the¡¡eyes£»¡¡
may¡¡it¡¡not£¿¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Undoubtedly¡¡£¨he¡¡answered£©¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Soc¡£¡¡And¡¡do¡¡anxiety¡¡and¡¡relief¡¡of¡¡mind¡¡occasioned¡¡by¡¡the¡¡good¡¡or¡¡evil¡¡
fortune¡¡of¡¡those¡¡we¡¡love¡¡both¡¡wear¡¡the¡¡same¡¡expression£¿¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡By¡¡no¡¡means¡¡£¨he¡¡answered£©£»¡¡at¡¡the¡¡thought¡¡of¡¡good¡¡we¡¡are¡¡radiant£»¡¡at¡¡
that¡¡of¡¡evil¡¡a¡¡cloud¡¡hangs¡¡on¡¡the¡¡brow¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Soc¡£¡¡Then¡¡here¡¡again¡¡are¡¡looks¡¡with¡¡it¡¡is¡¡possible¡¡to¡¡represent£¿¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Parrh¡£¡¡Decidedly¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Soc¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Furthermore£»¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡through¡¡¡¡¡¡some¡¡¡¡¡¡chink¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡crevice£»¡¡¡¡¡¡there¡¡¡¡¡¡pierces¡¡
through¡¡the¡¡countenance¡¡of¡¡a¡¡man£»¡¡through¡¡the¡¡very¡¡posture¡¡of¡¡his¡¡body¡¡as¡¡
he¡¡¡¡¡¡stands¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡moves£»¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡glimpse¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡nobility¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡freedom£»¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡again¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡
something¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡him¡¡¡¡¡¡low¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡grovellingthe¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡calm¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡self¡restraint£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡
wisdom£»¡¡or¡¡the¡¡swagger¡¡of¡¡insolence¡¡and¡¡vulgarity£¿¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡You¡¡are¡¡right¡¡£¨he¡¡answered£©¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Soc¡£¡¡Then¡¡these¡¡too¡¡may¡¡be¡¡imitated£¿¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡No¡¡doubt¡¡£¨he¡¡said£©¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Soc¡£¡¡And¡¡which¡¡is¡¡the¡¡pleasanter¡¡type¡¡of¡¡face¡¡to¡¡look¡¡at£»¡¡do¡¡you¡¡