journal of a voyage to lisbon-第16部分

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permitted　to　exact　ten　times　the　value　of　their　work？　For　those

exactions　increase　with　the　degrees　of　necessity　in　their　object；

insomuch　that　on　the　former　side　many　are　horribly　imposed　upon；

and　that　often　in　no　trifling　matters。　　I　was　very　well　assured

that　at　Deal　no　less　than　ten　guineas　was　required；　and　paid　by

the　supercargo　of　an　Indiaman；　for　carrying　him　on　board　two

miles　from　the　shore　when　she　was　just　ready　to　sail；　so　that　his

necessity；　as　his　pillager　well　understood；　was　absolute。　　Again；

many　others；　whose　indignation　will　not　submit　to　such　plunder；

are　forced　to　refuse　the　assistance；　though　they　are　often　great

sufferers　by　so　doing。　　On　the　latter　side；　the　lowest　of　the

people　are　encouraged　in　laziness　and　idleness；　while　they　live

by　a　twentieth　part　of　the　labor　that　ought　to　maintain　them；

which　is　diametrically　opposite　to　the　interest　of　the　public；

for　that　requires　a　great　deal　to　be　done；　not　to　be　paid；　for　a

little。　　And　moreover；　they　are　confirmed　in　habits　of　exaction；

and　are　taught　to　consider　the　distresses　of　their　superiors　as

their　own　fair　emolument。　　But　enough　of　this　matter；　of　which　I

at　first　intended　only　to　convey　a　hint　to　those　who　are　alone

capable　of　applying　the　remedy；　though　they　are　the　last　to　whom

the　notice　of　those　evils　would　occur；　without　some　such　monitor

as　myself；　who　am　forced　to　travel　about　the　world　in　the　form　of

a　passenger。　　I　cannot　but　say　I　heartily　wish　our　governors

would　attentively　consider　this　method　of　fixing　the　price　of

labor；　and　by　that　means　of　compelling　the　poor　to　work；　since

the　due　execution　of　such　powers　will；　I　apprehend；　be　found　the

true　and　only　means　of　making　them　useful；　and　of　advancing　trade

from　its　present　visibly　declining　state　to　the　height　to　which

Sir　William　Petty；　in　his　Political　Arithmetic；　thinks　it　capable

of　being　carried。



In　the　afternoon　the　lady　of　the　above…mentioned　mansion　called

at　our　inn；　and　left　her　compliments　to　us　with　Mrs。　Francis；

with　an　assurance　that　while　we　continued　wind…bound　in　that

place；　where　she　feared　we　could　be　but　indifferently

accommodated；　we　were　extremely　welcome　to　the　use　of　anything

which　her　garden　or　her　house　afforded。　　So　polite　a　message

convinced　us；　in　spite　of　some　arguments　to　the　contrary；　that　we

were　not　on　the　coast　of　Africa；　or　on　some　island　where　the　few

savage　inhabitants　have　little　of　human　in　them　besides　their

form。　　And　here　I　mean　nothing　less　than　to　derogate　from　the

merit　of　this　lady；　who　is　not　only　extremely　polite　in　her

behavior　to　strangers　of　her　own　rank；　but　so　extremely　good　and

charitable　to　all　her　poor　neighbors　who　stand　in　need　of　her

assistance；　that　she　hath　the　universal　love　and　praises　of　all

who　live　near　her。　　But；　in　reality；　how　little　doth　the

acquisition　of　so　valuable　a　character；　and　the　full　indulgence

of　so　worthy　a　disposition；　cost　those　who　possess　it！　Both　are

accomplished　by　the　very　offals　which　fall　from　a　table

moderately　plentiful。　　That　they　are　enjoyed　therefore　by　so　few

arises　truly　from　there　being　so　few　who　have　any　such

disposition　to　gratify；　or　who　aim　at　any　such　character。



Wednesday；　July　22。This　morning；　after　having　been　mulcted　as

usual；　we　dispatched　a　servant　with　proper　acknowledgments　of　the

lady's　goodness；　but　confined　our　wants　entirely　to　the

productions　of　her　garden。　　He　soon　returned；　in　company　with　the

gardener；　both　richly　laden　with　almost　every　particular　which　a

garden　at　this　most　fruitful　season　of　the　year　produces。　　While

we　were　regaling　ourselves　with　these；　towards　the　close　of　our

dinner；　we　received　orders　from　our　commander；　who　had　dined　that

day　with　some　inferior　officers　on　board　a　man…of…war；　to　return

instantly　to　the　ship；　for　that　the　wind　was　become　favorable　and

he　should　weigh　that　evening。　　These　orders　were　soon　followed　by

the　captain　himself；　who　was　still　in　the　utmost　hurry；　though

the　occasion　of　it　had　long　since　ceased；　for　the　wind　had；

indeed；　a　little　shifted　that　afternoon；　but　was　before　this　very

quietly　set　down　in　its　old　quarters。



This　last　was　a　lucky　hit　for　me；　for；　as　the　captain；　to　whose

orders　we　resolved　to　pay　no　obedience；　unless　delivered　by

himself；　did　not　return　till　past　six；　so　much　time　seemed

requisite　to　put　up　the　furniture　of　our　bed…chamber　or

dining…room；　for　almost　every　article；　even　to　some　of　the

chairs；　were　either　our　own　or　the　captain's　property；　so　much

more　in　conveying　it　as　well　as　myself；　as　dead　a　luggage　as　any；

to　the　shore；　and　thence　to　the　ship；　that　the　night　threatened

first　to　overtake　us。　　A　terrible　circumstance　to　me；　in　my

decayed　condition；　especially　as　very　heavy　showers　of　rain；

attended　with　a　high　wind；　continued　to　fall　incessantly；　the

being　carried　through　which　two　miles　in　the　dark；　in　a　wet　and

open　boat；　seemed　little　less　than　certain　death。　　However；　as　my

commander　was　absolute；　his　orders　peremptory；　and　my　obedience

necessary；　I　resolved　to　avail　myself　of　a　philosophy　which　hath

been　of　notable　use　to　me　in　the　latter　part　of　my　life；　and

which　is　contained　in　this　hemistich　of　Virgil：



Superanda　omnis　fortuna　ferendo　est。



The　meaning　of　which；　if　Virgil　had　any；　I　think　I　rightly

understood；　and　rightly　applied。　　As　I　was　therefore　to　be

entirely　passive　in　my　motion；　I　resolved　to　abandon　myself　to

the　conduct　of　those　who　were　to　carry　me　into　a　cart　when　it

returned　from　unloading　the　goods。



But　before　this；　the　captain；　perceiving　what　had　happened　in　the

clouds；　and　that　the　wind　remained　as　much　his　enemy　as　ever；

came　upstairs　to　me　with　a　reprieve　till　the　morning。　　This　was；

I　own；　very　agreeable　news；　and　I　little　regretted　the　trouble　of

refurnishing　my　apartment；　by　sending　back　for　the　goods。



Mrs。　Francis　was　not　well　pleased　with　this。



As　she　understood　the　reprieve　to　be　only　till　the　morning；　she

saw　nothing　but　lodging　to　be　possibly　added；　out　of　which　she

was　to　deduct　fire　and　candle；　and　the　remainder；　she　thought；

would　scarce　pay　her　for　her　trouble。　　She　exerted　therefore　all

the　ill…humor　of　which　she　was　mistress；　and　did　all　she　could　to

thwart　and　perplex　everything　during　the　whole　evening。



Thursday；　July　23。Early　in　the　morning　the　captain；　who　had

remained　on　shore　all　night；　came　to　visit　us；　and　to　press　us　to

make　haste　on　board。　　〃I　am　resolved；〃　says　he；　〃not　to　lose　a

moment　now　the　wind　is　coming　about　fair：　　for　my　own　part；　I

never　was　surer　of　a　wind　in　all　my　life。〃　　I　use　his　very　words；

nor　will　I　presume　to　interpret　or　comment　upon　them　farther　than

by　observing　that　they　were　spoke　in　the　utmost　hurry。



We　promised　to　be　ready　as　soon　as　breakfast　was　over；　but　this

was　not　so　soon　as　was　expected；　for；　in　removing　our　goods　the

evening　before；　the　tea…chest　was　unhappily　lost。　　Every　place

was　immediately　searched；　and　many　where　it　was　impossible　for　it

to　be；　for　this　was　a　loss　of　much　greater　consequence　than　it

may　at　first　seem　to　many　of　my　readers。　　Ladies　and

valetudinarians　do　not　easily　dispense　with　the　use　of　this

sovereign　cordial　in　a　single　instance；　but　to　undertake　a　long

voyage；　without　any　probability　of　being　supplied　with　it　the

whole　way；　was　above　the　reach　of　patience。　　And　yet；　dreadful　as

this　calamity　was；　it　seemed　unavoidable。　　The　whole　town　of　Ryde

could　not　supply　a　single　leaf；　for；　as　to　what　Mrs。　Francis　and

the　shop　called　by　that　name；　it　was　not　of　Chinese　growth。　　It

did　not　indeed　in　the　least　resemble　tea；　either　in　smell　or

taste；　or　in　any　particular；　unless　in　being　a　leaf；　for　it　was

in　truth　no　other　than　a　tobacco　of　the　mundungus　species。　　And

as　for　the　hopes　of　relief　in　any　other　port；　they　were　not　to　be

depended　upon；　for　the　captain　had　positively　declared　he　was

sure　of　a　wind；　and　would　let　go　his　anchor　no　more　till　he

arrived　in　the　Tajo。



When　a　good　deal　of　time　had　been　spent；　most　of　it　indeed　wasted

on　this　occasion；　a　thought　occurred　which　every　one　wondered　at

its　not　having　presented　itself　the　first　moment。　　This　was　to

apply　to　the　good　lady；　who　could　not　fail　of　pitying　and

relieving　such　distress。　　A　messenger　was　immediately　despatched

with　an　account　of　our　misfortune；　till　whose　return　we　employed

ourselves　in　preparatives　for　our　departure；　that　we　might　have

nothing　to　do　but　to　swallow　our　breakfast　when　it　arrived。　　The

tea…chest；　though　of　no　less　consequence　to　us　than　the

military…chest　to　a　general；　was　given　up　as　lost；　or　rather　as

stolen；　for　though　I　would　not；　for　the　world；　mention　any

particular　name；　it　is　certain　we　had　suspicions；　and　all；　I　am

afraid；　fell　on　the　same　person。



The　man　returned　from　the　worthy　lady　with　much　expedition；　and

brought　with　him　a　canister　of　tea；　despatched　with　so　true　a

generosity；　as　well　as　politeness；　that　if　our　voyage　had　been　as

long　again　we　should　have　incurred　no　danger　of　being　brought　to

a　short　allowance　in　this　most　important　article。　　At　the　very

same　instant　likewise　arrived　William　the　footman　with　our　own

tea…chest。　　It　had　been；　indeed；　left　in　the　hoy；　when　the　other

goods　were　re…landed；　as　William；　when　he　first　heard　it　was

missing；　had　suspected；　and　whence；　had　not　the　owner　of　the　hoy

been　unluckily　out　of　the　way；　he　had　retrieved　it　soon　enough　to

have　prevented　our　giving　the　lady　an　opportunity　of　displaying

some　part　of　her　goodness。　　To　search　the　hoy　was；　indeed；　too

natural　a　suggestion　to　have　escaped　any　one；　nor　did　it　escape

being　mentioned　by　many　of　us；　but　we　were　dissuaded　from　it　by

my　wife's　maid；　who　perfectly　well　remembered　she　had　left　the

chest　in　the　bed…chamber；　for　that　she　had　never　given　it　out　of

her　hand　in　her　way　to　or　from　the　hoy；　but　William　perhaps　knew

the　maid　better；　and　best　understood　how　far　she　was　to　be

believed；　for　otherwise