lecture i-第5部分

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　　　　〃The　boyars　have　covered　the　ground　with　gold；〃　sing　the
country　people　of　White　Russia。　
　　　　The　bridegroom　is　very　often　mentioned　in　the　songs　of　the
peasants　of　Great　Russia　as　the　〃merchant；〃　whist　the　bride　is
spoken　of　as　〃merchandise。〃　In　the　Government　of　Jaroslav；　for
instance；　the　bride；　following　an　ancient　usage；　complains　of　the
treatment　to　which　she　will　be　subjected；　saying　that　〃unknown
merchants　will　take　her　away　from　her　father　and　her　dear
mother。〃（13*）　
　　　　Now　that　we　have　carefully　passed　in　review　the　different
aspects　under　which　matrimonial　relations　have　been　viewed；　or
still　are　viewed；　by　the　country　people　of　Russia；　we　may　be
allowed　to　say；　that　Russian　ethnography　quite　corroborates　the
theory　as　to　the　evolution　of　marriage　which　English　scholars
were　the　first　to　establish。　The　author　of　〃Primitive　Culture；〃
as　well　as　the　great　and　powerful　genius　who　has　so　marvellously
continued　the　work　of　Auguste　Comte；　and　lastly　the　numerous
followers　of　the　man；　whose　studies　in　ancient　history　have
unveiled　for　us　the　mysteries　of　the　early　family　will；　I　have　no
doubt；　be　pleased　to　see　their　views　confirmed　by　the　early　law
and　the　still　living　custom　of　one　of　the　principal　branches　of
the　Aryan　race。　Nothing　more；　it　seems　to　me；　is　wanting　to　the
modern　theory　of　the　matriarchate　than　a　solid　base　of　historical
facts。　So　long　as　obscure　myths　and　the　more　or　less　superficial
observations　of　missionaries　and　tourists　constituted　the
materials　for　a　theory　whose　chief　purpose　is　to　show　us　the
social　state　of　our　most　remote　ancestors；　objections　like　those
of　Sir　Henry　Maine　or　Mr　Starcke　found　a　ready　ear。　The　fact　that
among　the　Kamilaroi　and　the　Kuruai　the　right　of　the　husband　is
ignored；　does　not　necessarily　imply　that　our　ancestors　had　no
notion　of　marriage　and　the　patria　potestas；　and　the　numerous
Greek　myths　on　which　Bachofen　has　established　his　hypothesis　of
any　early　Greek　gyneocracy　may　possibly　belong　to　the　number　of
those　wandering　legends　on　which　it　is　very　difficult　to　found　an
opinion　as　to　the　social　state　of　this　or　that　particular　people。
　　　　Consult　the　〃Sociology〃　of　Herbert　Spencer；　and　especially
the　chapters　in　which　he　treats　of　the　early　forms　of　marriage；
and　you　will；　I　am　sure；　be　surprised　at　the　discovery　that
scarcely　any　mention　is　made　of　the　legal　antiquities　of　peoples
belonging　to　the　Aryan　race。　This　is　a　serious　defect；　and　the
sooner　it　is　remedied　the　better。　Some　measures　have　already　been
taken　to　this　end　by　the　modern　school　of　German　jurists　who；
under　the　able　guidance　of　Professor　Kohler；　publish　a　most
interesting　periodical　call　ed　the　Zeitschrift　fur　die
vergleichende　Rechtswissenschaft。　It　is　with　an　object　similar　to
theirs　that　I　have　undertaken　my　researches　in　the　vast　field　of
Slavonic　law　and　custom。　What　I　have　said　about　it　in　this
lecture；　little　though　it　has　been；　may；　perchance；　induce　some
of　you　to　undertake　fresh　studies　in　this　region　which　is　still
so　little　explored。　I　can　promise　all　who　will　venture；　the　most
abundant　and　happy　results。　

NOTES：

1。　The　last　time　in　an　article　on　the　patriarchal　family
published　in　the　Quarterly　Review。

2。　Compare　Lange；　〃On　the　Mutual　Rights；　according　to　Old　Russian
Law；　of　Husband　and　Wife　as　regards　Fortune。〃　Petersburg；　1886。

3。　〃Das　Landrecht　von　Kloster。〃　（XVIc。）　ed。　by　Mohr。

4。　Smirnov；　〃Sketches　of　Family　Relations　according　to　the
Customary　Law　of　the　Russians〃　（Moscow；　1877）　pp。　105；　106。

5。　Ivanischev；　〃Dissertation　on　the　Rights　of　the　Individual
according　to　the　Old　Laws　of　the　Bohemians。〃　Complete　Works；　p。
92。

6。　Ribnikov；　〃The　Songs　of　the　Russian　People。〃　vol。　i；　p。　64。
Kirscha　Danilov；　〃Old　Russian　Poems〃　pp。　9　and　70。　Afanasiev；
〃Tales　of　the　Russian　People。〃　vol。　i；　p。　484。

7。　〃Antiquarische　Briefe；〃　1880；　p。　167。　McLennan；　〃The
Patriarchal　Theory；〃　ch。　vi。　p。　71。

8。　Afanasiev　〃Folk…tales〃　vol。　i；　pp。　211；　212。

9。　Schein；　〃Songs　of　the　White　Russians。〃

10。　Tereschenko；　〃Social　Life　of　the　Russians；：　vol。　iv；　p。　280。

11。　Genesis；　xxix。

12。　Lange；　p。　86。

13。　Titov；　〃Customary　Village　Law。〃　Nicola　Perevos　in　the
District　of　Rostov　（Jaroslav；　1888）；　Appendix　N。　5。