phenomenology of mind-第104部分

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believed　to　be；　and　hovers　there　merely　as　an　exhalation　of　stale　gas；　of　the　empty　être　suprême。

By　doing；　away　with　the　various　distinct　spiritual　spheres；　and　the　restricted　and　confined　life　of
individuals；　as　well　as　both　its　worlds；　there　thus　remains　merely　the　process　of　the　universal
self…consciousness　within　itselfa　process　which　consists　in　a　reciprocal　interaction　between　its
universal　form　and　personal　consciousness。　The　universal　will　goes　into　itself；　is　subjectivized；　and
becomes　individual　will；　to　which　the　universal　law　and　universal　work　stand　opposed。　But　this
individual　consciousness　is　equally　and　immediately　conscious　of　itself　as　universal　will；　it　is　fully
aware　that　its　object　is　a　law　given　by　that　will；　a　work　performed　by　that　will；　in　exercising　and
carrying　out　its　activity；　in　creating　objectivity；　it　is　thus　doing　nothing　individual；　but　executing　laws
and　functions　of　the　state。

This　process　is　consequently　the　interaction　of　consciousness　with　itself；　in　which　it　lets　nothing
break　away　and　assume　the　shape　of　a　detached　object　standing　over　against　it。　It　follows　from
this；　that　it　cannot　arrive　at　a　positive　accomplishment　of　anything；　either　in　the　way　of　universal
works　of　language　or　of　those　of　actual　reality；　either　in　the　shape　of　laws　and　universal　regulations
of　conscious　freedom；　or　of　deeds　and　works　of　active　freedom。

The　accomplished　result　at　which　this　freedom；　that　gives　itself　consciousness；　might　manage　to
arrive；　would　consist　in　the　fact　that　such　freedom　qua　universal　substance　made　itself　into　an
object　and　an　abiding　existence。　This　objective　otherness　would　there　be　the　differentiation　which
enabled　it　to　divide　itself　into　stable　spiritual　spheres　and　into　the　members　of　distinct　powers。
These　spheres　would　partly　be　the　thought…constituted　factors　of　a　power　that　is　differentiated　into
legislative；　judicial　and　executive；　but　partly　they　would　be　the　substantial　elements　we　found　in　the
real　world　of　spiritual　culture；　and；　since　the　content　of　universal　action　would　be　more　closely
taken　note　of；　they　would　be　the　particular　spheres　of　labour；　which　are　further　distinguished　as
more　specific　〃estates〃　or　social　ranks。　Universal　freedom；　which　would　have　differentiated　itself　in
this　manner　into　its　various　parts；　and　by　the　very　fact　of　doing　so　would　have　made　itself　an
existing　substance；　would　thereby　be　free　from　particular　individualities；　and　could　apportion　the
plurality　of　individuals　to　its　several　organic　parts。

The　activity　and　being　of　personality　would；　however；　find　itself　by　this　process　confined　to　a
branch　of　the　whole；　to　one　kind　of　action　and　existence；　when　placed　in　the　element　of　existence；
personality　would　bear　the　meaning　of　a　determinate　personality；　it　would　cease　to　be　in　reality
universal　self…consciousness。　Neither　by　the　idea　of　submission　to　self…imposed　laws；　which　would
assign　to　it　only　a　part　of　the　whole　work；　nor　by　its　being　represented　when　legislation　and
universal　action　take　place；　does　self…consciousness　here　let　itself　be　cheated　out　of　the　actual
realitythe　fact　that　itself　lays　down　the　law　and　itself　accomplishes　a　universal　and　not　a
particular　task。　For　in　the　case　where　the　self　is　merely　represented　and　ideally　presented
（vorgestellt）；　there　it　is　not　actual：　where　it　is　by　proxy；　it　is　not。（2）

Just　as　the　individual　self…consciousness　does　not　find　itself　in　this　universal　work　of　absolute
freedom　qua　existing　substance；　as　little　does　it　find　itself　in　the　deeds　proper；　and　specific
individual　acts　of　will；　performed　by　this　substance。　For　the　universal　to　pass　into　a　deed；　it　must
gather　itself　into　the　single　unity　of　individuality；　and　put　an　individual　consciousness　in　the
forefront；　for　universal　will　is　an　actual　concrete　will　only　in　a　self　that　is　single　and　one。　Thereby；
however；　all　other　individuals　are　excluded　from　the　entirety　of　this　deed；　and　have　only　a
restricted　share　in　it；　so　that　the　deed　would　not　be　a　deed　of　real　universal　self…consciousness。

Universal　freedom　can　thus　produce　neither　a　positive　achievement　nor　a　deed；　there　is　left　for　it
only　negative　action；　it　is　merely　the　rage　and　fury　of　destruction。

But　the　highest　reality　of　all　and　the　reality　most　of　all　opposed　to　absolute　freedom；　or　rather　the
sole　object　it　is　yet　to　become　aware　of；　is　the　freedom　and　singleness　of　actual　self…consciousness
itself。　For　that　universality　which　does　not　let　itself　attain　the　reality　of　organic　articulation；　and
whose　purpose　is　to　maintain　itself　in　unbroken　continuity；　distinguishes　itself　within　itself　all　the
while；　because　it　is　process　or　consciousness　in　general。　Moreover；　on　account　of　its　own　peculiar
abstraction；　it　divides　itself　into　extremes　equally　abstract；　into　the　cold　unbending　bare
universality；　and　the　hard　discrete　absolute　rigidity　and　stubborn　atomic　singleness　of　actual
self…consciousness。　Now　that　it　is　done　with　destroying　the　organization　of　the　actual　world；　and
subsists　in　isolated　singleness；　this　is　its　sole　object；　an　object　that　has　no　other　content　left；　no
other　possession；　existence　and　external　extension；　but　is　merely　this　knowledge　of　itself　as
absolutely　pure　and　free　individual　self。　The　point　at　which　this　object　can　be　laid　hold　of　is　solely
its　abstract　existence　in　general。

The　relation；　then；　of　these　two；　since　they　exist　for　themselves　indivisibly　and　absolutely　and　thus
cannot　arrange　for　a　common　part　to　act　as　a　means　for　connecting　them；　is　pure　negation　entirely
devoid　of　mediation；　the　negation；　moreover；　of　the　individual　as　a　factor　existing　within　the
universal。　The　sole　and　only　work　and　deed　accomplished　by　universal　freedom　is　therefore
deatha　death　that　achieves　nothing；　embraces　nothing　within　its　grasp；　for　what　is　negated　is　the
unachieved；　unfulfilled　punctual　entity　of　the　absolutely　free　self。　It　is　thus　the　most　cold…blooded
and　meaningless　death　of　all；　with　no　more　significance　than　cleaving　a　head　of　cabbage　or
swallowing　a　draught　of　water。

In　this　single　expressionless　syllable　consists　the　wisdom　of　the　government；　the　intelligence　of　the
universal　will；　this　is　how　it　fulfils　itself。　The　government　is　itself　nothing　but　the　self…established
focus；　the　individual　embodiment　of　the　universal　will。　Government；　a　power　to　will　and　perform
proceeding　from　a　single　focus；　wills　and　performs　at　the　same　time　a　determinate　order　and
action。　In　doing　so　it；　on　the　one　hand；　excludes　other　individuals　from　a　share　in　its　deed；　and；　on
the　other；　thereby　constitutes　itself　a　form　of　government　which　is　a　specifically　determinate　will
and　eo　ipso　opposed　to　the　universal　will。　By　no　manner　of　means；　therefore；　can　it　exhibit　itself　as
anything　but　a　faction。　The　victorious　faction　only　is　called　the　government；　and　just　in　that　it　is　a
faction　lies　the　direct　necessity　of　its　overthrow；　and　its　being　government　makes　it；　conversely；
into　a　faction　and　hence　guilty。　When　the　universal　will　fastens　on　this　concrete　action　of　the
government　and　treats　this　as　the　crime　which　the　government　has　committed　against　the　universal
will；　then　the　government　on　its　side　has　nothing　tangible　and　external　left　whereby　to　establish　and
show　the　guilt　of　the　will　opposing　itself　to　it；　for　what　thus　stands　opposed　to　it　as　concrete　actual
universal　will　is　merely　unreal　pure　will；　mere　intention。　Being　suspected；　therefore；　takes　the　place；
or　has　the　significance　and　effect；　of　being　guilty；　and　the　external　reaction　against　this　reality　that
lies　in　bare　inward　intention；　consists　in　the　and　barren　destruction　of　this　particular　existent　self；　in
whose　case　there　is　nothing　else　to　take　away　but　its　mere　existence。

In　this　its　characteristically　peculiar　performance；　absolute　freedom　becomes　objective　to　itself；
and　self…consciousness　finds　out　what　this　freedom　is。　In　itself　it　is　just　this　abstract
self…consciousness；　which　destroys　all　distinction　and　all　subsistence　of　distinction　within　itself。　It　is
object　to　itself　in　this　shape；　the　terror　of　death　is　the　direct　apprehension　（Anschauung）　of　this　its
negative　nature。　This　its　reality；　however；　absolute　free　self…consciousness　finds　quite　different　from
what　its　own　notion　of　itself　was；　viz。　that　the　universal　will　is　merely　the　positive　substance　of
personality；　and　that　this　latter　knows　itself　in　it　only　positively；　knows　itself　preserved　there。
Rather　for　this　self　…consciousness；　which　qua　pure　insight　completely　separates　its　positive　and
negative　natureseparates　the　unpredicated　Absolute　qua　pure　thought　and　qua　pure　matterthe
absolute　transition　of　the　one　into　the　other　is　found　here　present　in　its　reality。　The　universal　will；
qua　absolutely　positive　concrete　self…consciousnessbecause　it　is　this　self…conscious　actuality
raised　to　the　level　of　pure　thought　or　abstract　matterturns　round　into　the　negative　entity；　and
shows　itself　at　the　same　time　to　be　what　cancels　and　does　away　with　self…thinking　or
self…consciousness。

Absolute　freedom　qua　pure　self…identity　of　universal　will　thus　carries　with　it　negation；　but　in　doing
so　contains　distinction　in　general；　and　develops　this　again　as　concrete　actual　difference。　For　pure
negativity　finds　in　the　self…identical　universal　will　the　element　of　subsistence；　or　the　substance　in
which　its　moments　get　their　realization；　it　has　the　matter　which　it　can　convert　into　the　specific
nature　of　its　own　being；　and　in　so　far　as　this　substance　has　manifested　itself　to　be　the　negative
element　for　the　individual　consciousness；　the　organization　of　the　spiritual　spheres　or　〃masses〃　of　the
substance；　to　which　the　plurality　of　conscious　individuals　is　assigned；　thus　takes　shape　and　form
once　more。　These　individuals；　who　felt　the　fear　of　death；　their　absolute　lord　and　master；　submit　to
negation　and　distinction　once　more；　arrange　themselves　under　the　〃spheres〃；　and　return　to　a
restricted。　and　apportioned　task；　but　thereby　to　their　substantial　reality。

Out　of　this　tumult　spirit　would　be；　hurled　back　upon　its　starting　point；　the　ethical　world　and　the　real
world　of　spiritual　culture；　which　would　thus　have　been　merely　refreshed　and　rejuvenated　by　t