phenomenology of mind-第138部分

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action　proper　of　the　self。　For　this　notion　is；　as　we　see；　the　knowledge　that　the　action　of　the　self
within　itself　is　all　that　is　essential　and　all　existence；　the　knowledge　of　this　Subject　as　Substance　and
of　the　Substance　as　this　knowledge　of　its　action。　What　we　have　done　here；　in　addition；　is　simply　to
gather　together　the　particular　moments；　each　of　which　in　principle　exhibits　the　life　of　spirit　in　its
entirety；　and　again　to　secure　the　notion　in　the　form　of　the　notion；　whose　content　was　disclosed　in
these　moments；　and　which　had　already　presented　itself　in　the　form　of　a　mode　or　shape　of
consciousness。

This　last　embodiment　of　spirit　—　spirit　which　at　once　gives　its　complete　and　true　content　the　form
of　self；　and　thereby　realizes　its　notion；　and　in　doing　so　remains　within　its　own　notion　—　this　is
Absolute　Knowledge。

　　　　　　　　　　　　2。　Systematic　Science　as　the　Self…Comprehension　of　Spirit

It　is　spirit　knowing　itself　in　the　shape　of　spirit；　it　is　knowledge　which　comprehends　through　notions。
Truth　is　here　not　merely　in　itself　absolutely　identical　with　certainty；　it　has　also　the　shape；　the
character　of　certainty　of　self；　or　in　its　existence　—　i。e。　for　spirit　knowing　it　—　it　is　in　the　form　of
knowledge　of　itself。　Truth　is　the　content；　which　in　religion　is　not　as　yet　at　one　with　its　certainty。　This
identification；　however；　is　secured　when　the　content　has　received　the　shape　of　self。　By　this　means；
what　constitutes　the　very　essence；　viz。　the　notion；　comes　to　have　the　nature　of　existence；　i。e。
assumes　the　form　of　what　is　objective　to　consciousness。　Spirit；　appearing　before　consciousness　in
this　element　of　existence；　or；　what　is　here　the　same　thing；　produced　by　it　in　this　element；　is
systematic　Science。

The　nature；　moments；　and　process　of　this　knowledge　have　then　shown　themselves　to　be　such　that
this　knowledge　is　pure　self…existence　of　self…consciousness。

It　is　ego；　which　is　this　ego　and　no　other；　and　at　the　same　time；　immediately　is　mediated；　or
sublated；　universal　ego。　It　has　a　content；　which　it　distinguishes　from　itself；　for　it　is　pure　negativity；
or　self…diremption；　it　is　consciousness。　This　content　in　its　distinction　is　itself　the　ego；　for　it　is　the
process　of　superseding　itself；　or　the　same　pure　negativity　which　constitutes　ego。　Ego　is　in　it；　qua
distinguished；　reflected　into　itself；　only　then　is　the　content　comprehended　（begriffen）　when　ego　in
its　otherness　is　still　at　home　with　itself。　More　precisely　stated；　this　content　is　nothing　else　than　the
very　process　just　spoken　of；　for　the　content　is　the　spirit　which　traverses　the　whole　range　of　its　own
being；　and　does　this　for　itself　qua　spirit；　by　the　fact　that　it　possesses　the　shape　of　the　notion　in　its
objectivity。

As　to　the　actual　existence　of　this　notion；　science　does　not　appear　in　time　and　in　reality　till　spirit　has
arrived　at　this　stage　of　being　conscious　regarding　itself。　Qua　spirit　which　knows　what　it　is；　it　does
not；　exist　before；　and　is　not　to　be　found　at　all　till　after　the　completion　of　the　task　of　mastering　and
constraining　its　imperfect　embodiment　—　the　task　of　procuring　for　its　consciousness　the　shape　of
its　inmost　essence；　and　in　this　manner　bringing　its　self…consciousness　level　with　its　consciousness。
Spirit　in　and　for　itself　is；　when　distinguished　into　its　separate　moments；　self…existent　knowledge；
comprehension　（Begreifen）　in　general；　which　as　such　has　not　yet　reached　the　substance；　or　is
not　in　itself　absolute　knowledge。

Now　in　actual　reality　the　knowing　substance　exists；　is　there　earlier　than　its　form；　earlier　than　the
shape　of　the　notion。　For　the　substance　is　the　undeveloped　inherent　nature；　the　ground　and　notion　in
its　inert　simplicity；　the　state　of　inwardness　or　the　self　of　spirit　which　is　not　yet　there。　What　is　there；
what　does　exist；　is　in　the　shape　of　still　unexpressed　simplicity；　the　undeveloped　immediate；　or　the
object　of　imagining　（Vorstellen）　consciousness　in　general。　Because　knowledge　（Erkennen）　is　a
spiritual　state　of　consciousness；　which　admits　as　real　what　essentially　is　only　so　far　as　this　is　a　being
for　the　self　and　a　being　of　the　self　or　a　notion　—　knowledge　has　on　this　account　merely　a　barren
object　to　begin　with；　in　contrast　to　which　the　substance　and　the　consciousness　of　this　substance
are　richer　in　content。　The　revelation　which　substance　has　in　such　a　consciousness　is；　in　fact；
concealment；　for　the　substance　is　here　still　self…less　existence　and　nothing　but　certainty　of　self　is
revealed。　To　begin　with；　therefore；　it　is　only　the　abstract　moments　that　belong　to
self…consciousness　concerning　the　substance。　But　since　these　moments　are　pure　activities　and　must
move　forward　by　their　very　nature；　self…consciousness　enriches　itself　till　it　has　torn　from
consciousness　the　entire　substance；　and　absorbed　into　itself　the　entire　structure　of　the　substance
with　all　its　constituent　elements。　Since　this　negative　attitude　towards　objectivity　is　positive　as　well；
establishes　and　fixes　the　content；　it　goes　on　till　it　has　produced　these　elements　out　of　itself　and
thereby　reinstated　them　once　more　as　objects　of　consciousness。　In　the　notion；　knowing　itself　as
notion；　the　moments　thus　make　their　appearance　prior　to　the　whole　in　its　complete　fulfilment；　the
movement　of　these　moments　is　the　process　by　which　the　whole　comes　into　being。　In
consciousness；　on　the　other　hand；　the　whole　—　but　not　as　comprehended　conceptually　—　is　prior
to　the　moments。

Time　is　just　the　notion　definitely　existent；　and　presented　to　consciousness　in　the　form　of　empty
intuition。　Hence　spirit　necessarily　appears　in　time；　and　it　appears　in　time　so　long　as　it　does　not
grasp　its　pure　notion；　i。e。　so　long　as　it　does　not　annul　time。　Time　is　the　pure　self　in　external　form；
apprehended　in　intuition；　and　not　grasped　and　understood　by　the　self；　it　is　the　notion　apprehended
only　through　intuition。　When　this　notion　grasps　itself；　it　supersedes　its　time　character；
（conceptually）　comprehends　intuition；　and　is　intuition　comprehended　and　comprehending。　Time
therefore　appears　as　spirit's　destiny　and　necessity；　where　spirit　is　not　yet　complete　within　itself；　it　is
the　necessity　compelling　spirit　to　enrich　the　share　self…consciousness　has　in　consciousness；　to　put
into　motion　the　immediacy　of　the　inherent　nature　（which　is　the　form　in　which　the　substance　is
present　in　consciousness）；　or；　conversely；　to　realize　and　make　manifest　what　is　inherent；　regarded
as　inward　and　immanent；　to　make　manifest　that　which　is　at　first　within　—　i。e。　to　vindicate　it　for
spirit's　certainty　of　self。

　　　　　　　　3。　The　return　of　the　Spirit　so　comprehended　to　Immediate　Existence

For　this　reason　it　must　be　said　that　nothing　is　known　which　does　not　fall　within　experience；　or　（as　it
is　also　expressed）　which　is　not　felt　to　be　true；　which　is　not　given　as　an　inwardly　revealed　eternal
verity；　as　a　sacred　object　of　belief；　or　whatever　other　expressions　we　care　to　employ。　For
experience　just　consists　in　this；　that　the　content…and　the　content　is　spirit　—　in　its　inherent　nature　is
substance　and　so　object　of　consciousness。　But　this　substance；　which　is　spirit；　is　the　development
of　itself　explicitly　to　what　it　is　inherently　and　implicitly；　and　only　as　this　process　of　reflecting　itself
into　itself　is　it　essentially　and　in　truth　spirit。　It　is　inherently　the　movement　which　is　the　process　of
knowledge　—　the　transforming　of　that　inherent　nature　into　explicitness；　of　Substance　into　Subject；
of　the　object　of　consciousness　into　the　object　of　self…consciousness；　i。e。　into　an　object　that　is　at　the
same　time　transcended　—　in　other　words；　into　the　notion。　This　transforming　process　is　a　cycle　that
returns　into　itself；　a　cycle　that　presupposes　its　beginning；　and　reaches　its　beginning　only　at　the　end。
So　far　as　spirit；　then；　is　of　necessity　this　self…distinction；　it　appears　as　a　single　whole；　intuitively
apprehended；　over　against　its　simple　self…consciousness。　And　since　that　whole　is　what　is
distinguished；　it　is　distinguished　into　the　intuitively　apprehended　pure　notion；　Time；　and　the
Content；　the　inherent；　implicit；　nature。　Substance；　qua　subject；　involves　the　necessity；　at　first　an
inner　necessity；　to　set　forth　in　itself　what　it　inherently　is；　to　show　itself　to　be　spirit。　The　completed
expression　in　objective　form　is　—　and　is　only　when　completed　—　at　the　same　time　the　reflexion　of
substance；　the　development　of　it　into　the　self。　Consequently；　until　and　unless　spirit　inherently
completes　itself；　completes　itself　as　a　world…spirit；　it　cannot　reach　its　completion　as　self…conscious
spirit。　The　content　of　religion；　therefore；　expresses　earlier　in　time　than　（philosophical）　science　what
spirit　is；　but　this　science　alone　is　the　perfect　form　in　which　spirit　truly　knows　itself。

The　process　of　carrying　forward　this　form　of　knowledge　of　itself　is　the　task　which　spirit
accomplishes　as　actual　History。　The　religious　communion；　in　so　far　as　it　is　at　the　outset　the
substance　of　Absolute　Spirit；　is　the　crude　form　of　consciousness；　which　has　an　existence　all　the
harsher　and　more　barbaric　the　deeper　is　its　inner　spirit；　and　its　inarticulate　self　has　all　the　harder
task　in　dealing　with　its　essence；　the　content　of　its　consciousness　alien　to　itself。　Not　till　it　has
surrendered　the　hope　of　cancelling　that　foreignness　by　an　external；　i。e。　alien；　method　does　it　turn　to
itself；　to　its　own　peculiar　world；　in　the　actual　present。　It　turns　thither　because　to　supersede　that
alien　method　means　returning　into　self…consciousness。　It　thus　discovers　this　world　in　the　living
present　to　be　its　own　property；　and　so　has　taken　the　first　step　to　descend　from　the　ideal　intelligible
world；　or　rather　to　quicken　the　abstract　element　of　the　intelligible　world　with　concrete　self…hood。
Through　〃observation〃；　on　the　one　hand；　it　finds　existence　in　the　shape　of　thought；　and
comprehends　existence；　and；　conversely；　it　finds　in　its　thought　existence。（2）　When；　in　the　first
instance；　it　has　thus　itself　expressed　in　an　abstract　way　the　immediate　unity　of　thought　and
existence；　of　abstract　Essential　Reality　and　Self；　and　when　it　has　expressed　the　primal　principle　of
〃Light〃　in　a　purer　form；　viz。　as　unity　of　extension　and　existence…for　〃existence〃　is　an　ultimate　simple
term　more　adequate　to　thought　than　〃lig