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being　one　which　practically　relinquished　the　country　between　the

Arkansas　and　Platte　rivers　for　white　settlement；　another　permitted

the　peaceable　construction　of　the　Pacific　railroads　through　the　same

region；　and　a　third　requiring　the　tribes　signing　the　treaty　to　retire

to　reservations　allotted　them　in　the　Indian　Territory。　　Although　the

chiefs　and　head…men　were　well…nigh　unanimous　in　ratifying　these

concessions；　it　was　discovered　in　the　spring　of　1868　that　many　of　the

young　men　were　bitterly　opposed　to　what　had　been　done；　and　claimed

that　most　of　the　signatures　had　been　obtained　by　misrepresentation

and　through　proffers　of　certain　annuities；　and　promises　of　arms　and

ammunition　to　be　issued　in　the　spring　of　1868。　　This　grumbling　was

very　general　in　extent；　and　during　the　winter　found　outlet　in

occasional　marauding；　so；　fearing　a　renewal　of　the　pillaging　and

plundering　at　an　early　day；　to　prepare　myself　for　the　work　evidently

ahead　the　first　thing　I　did　on　assuming　permanent　command　was　to　make

a　trip　to　Fort　Larned　and　Fort　Dodge；　near　which　places　the　bulk　of

the　Indians　had　congregated　on　Pawnee　and　Walnut　creeks。　　I　wanted　to

get　near　enough　to　the　camps　to　find　out　for　myself　the　actual　state

of　feeling　among　the　savages；　and　also　to　familiarize　myself　with　the

characteristics　of　the　Plains　Indians；　for　my　previous　experience　had

been　mainly　with　mountain　tribes　on　Ehe　Pacific　coast。　　Fort　Larned　I

found　too　near　the　camps　for　my　purpose；　its　proximity　too　readily

inviting　unnecessary　〃talks；〃　so　I　remained　here　but　a　day　or　two；

and　then　went　on　to　Dodge；　which；　though　considerably　farther　away

from　the　camps；　was　yet　close　enough　to　enable　us　to　obtain　easily

information　of　all　that　was　going　on。



It　took　but　a　few　days　at　Dodge　to　discover　that　great　discontent

existed　about　the　Medicine　Lodge　concessions；　to　see　that　the　young

men　were　chafing　and　turbulent；　and　that　it　would　require　much　tact

and　good　management　on　the　part　of　the　Indian　Bureau　to　persuade　the

four　tribes　to　go　quietly　to　their　reservations；　under　an　agreement

which；　when　entered　into；　many　of　them　protested　had　not　been　fully

understood。



A　few　hours　after　my　arrival　a　delegation　of　prominent　chiefs　called

on　me　and　proposed　a　council；　where　they　might　discuss　their

grievances；　and　thus　bring　to　the　notice　of　the　Government　the

alleged　wrongs　done　them；　but　this　I　refused；　because　Congress　had

delegated　to　the　Peace　Commission　the　whole　matter　of　treating　with

them；　and　a　council　might　lead　only　to　additional　complications。　　My

refusal　left　them　without　hope　of　securing　better　terms；　or　of　even

delaying　matters　longer；　so　henceforth　they　were　more　than　ever

reckless　and　defiant。　　Denunciations　of　the　treaty　became　outspoken；

and　as　the　young　braves　grew　more　and　more　insolent　every　day；　it

amounted　to　conviction　that；　unless　by　some　means　the　irritation　was

allayed；　hostilities　would　surely　be　upon　us　when　the　buffalo

returned　to　their　summer　feeding…grounds　between　the　Arkansas　and　the

Platte。



The　principal　sufferers　in　this　event　would　be　the　settlers　in　middle

and　western　Kansas；　who；　entirely　ignorant　of　the　dangers　hanging

over　them；　were　laboring　to　build　up　homes　in　a　new　country。　　Hence

the　maintenance　of　peace　was　much　to　be　desired；　if　it　could　be

secured　without　too　great　concessions；　and　although　I　would　not　meet

the　different　tribes　in　a　formal　council；　yet；　to　ward　off　from

settlers　as　much　as　possible　the　horrors　of　savage　warfare；　I　showed；

by　resorting　to　persuasive　methods；　my　willingness　to　temporize　a

good　deal。　　An　abundant　supply　of　rations　is　usually　effective　to

keep　matters　quiet　in　such　cases；　so　I　fed　them　pretty　freely；　and

also　endeavored　to　control　them　through　certain　men　who；　I　found；

because　of　former　associations；　had　their　confidence。　　These　men；

employed　as　scouts；　or　interpreters；　were　Mr。　William　Comstock；　Mr。

Abner　S。　Grover；　and　Mr。　Richard　Parr。　　They　had　lived　on　the　Plains

for　many　years　with　different　tribes　of　Indians；　had　trapped　and

hunted　with　them；　and　knew　all　the　principal　chiefs　and　headmen。

Through　such　influences；　I　thought　I　saw　good　chances　of　preserving

peace；　and　of　inducing　the　discontented　to　go　quietly　to　their

reservations　in　the　Indian　Territory　as　soon　as　General　Hazen；　the

representative　of　the　Peace　Commissioners；　was　ready　to　conduct　them

there　from　Fort　Larned。



Before　returning　to　Leavenworth　I　put　my　mediators　（as　I　may　call

them）　under　charge　of　an　officer　of　the　army；　Lieutenant　F。　W。

Beecher；　a　very　intelligent　man；　and　directed　him　to　send　them　out　to

visit　among　the　different　tribes；　in　order　to　explain　what　was

intended　by　the　treaty　of　Medicine　Lodge；　and　to　make　every　effort

possible　to　avert　hostilities。　　Under　these　instructions　Comstock　and

Grover　made　it　their　business　to　go　about　among　the　Cheyennesthe

most　warlike　tribe　of　allthen　camping　about　the　headwaters　of

Pawnee　and　Walnut　creeks；　and　also　to　the　north　and　west　of　Fort

Wallace；　while　Parr　spent　his　time　principally　with　the　Kiowas　and

Comanches。



》From　the　different　postsWallace；　Dodge；　and　Larned　Lieutenant

Beecher　kept　up　communication　with　all　three　scouts；　and　through　him

I　heard　from　them　at　least　once　a　week。　　Every　now　and　then　some

trouble　along　the　railroad　or　stage　routes　would　be　satisfactorily

adjusted　and　quiet　restored；　and　matters　seemed　to　be　going　on　very

well；　the　warm　weather　bringing　the　grass　and　buffalo　in　plenty；　and

still　no　outbreak；　nor　any　act　of　downright　hostility。　　So　I　began　to

hope　that　we　should　succeed　in　averting　trouble　till　the　favorite　war

season　of　the　Indians　was　over；　but　the　early　days　of　August　rudely

ended　our　fancied　tranquility。



In　July　the　encampments　about　Fort　Dodge　began　to　break　up；　each　band

or　tribe　moving　off　to　some　new　location　north　of　the　Arkansas；

instead　of　toward　its　proper　reservation　to　the　south　of　that　river。

Then　I　learned　presently　that　a　party　of　Cheyennes　had　made　a　raid　on

the　Kawsa　band　of　friendly　Indians　living　near　Council　Groveand

stolen　their　horses；　and　also　robbed　the　houses　of　several　white

people　near　Council　Grove。　　This　raid　was　the　beginning　of　the　Indian

war　of　1868。　　Immediately　following　it；　the　Comanches　and　Kiowas　came

to　Fort　Larned　to　receive　their　annuities；　expecting　to　get　also　the

arms　and　ammunition　promised　them　at　Medicine　Lodge；　but　the　raid　to

Council　Grove　having　been　reported　to　the　Indian　Department；　the

issue　of　arms　was　suspended　till　reparation　was　made。　　This　action　of

the　Department　greatly　incensed　the　savages；　and　the　agent's　offer　of

the　annuities　without　guns　and　pistols　was　insolently　refused；　the

Indians　sulking　back　to　their　camps；　the　young　men　giving　themselves

up　to　war…dances；　and　to　powwows　with　〃　medicine…men；〃　till　all　hope

of　control　was　gone。



Brevet　Brigadier…General　Alfred　Sully；　an　officer　of　long　experience

in　Indian　matters；　who　at　this　time　was　in　command　Qf　the　District　of

the　Arkansas；　which　embraced　Forts　Larned　and　Dodge；　having　notified

me　of　these　occurrences　at　Larned；　and　expressed　the　opinion　that　the

Indians　were　bent　on　mischief；　I　directed　him　there　immediately　to

act　against　them。　　After　he　reached　Larned；　the　chances　for　peace

appeared　more　favorable。　　The　Indians　came　to　see　him；　and　protested

that　it　was　only　a　few　bad　young　men　who　had　been　depredating；　and

that　all　would　be　well　and　the　young　men　held　in　check　if　the　agent

would　but　issue　the　arms　and　ammunition。　　Believing　their　promises；

Sully　thought　that　the　delivery　of　the　arms　would　solve　all　the

difficulties；　so　on　his　advice　the　agent　turned　them　over　along　with

the　annuities；　the　Indians　this　time　condescendingly　accepting。



This　issue　of　arms　and　ammunition　was　a　fatal　mistake；　Indian

diplomacy　had　overreached　Sully's　experience；　and　even　while　the

delivery　was　in　progress　a　party　of　warriors　had　already　begun　a　raid

of　murder　and　rapine；　which　for　acts　of　devilish　cruelty　perhaps　has

no　parallel　in　savage　warfare。　　The　party　consisted　of　about　two

hundred　Cheyennes　and　a　few　Arapahoes；　with　twenty　Sioux　who　had　been

visiting　their　friends；　the　Cheyennes。　　As　near　as　could　be

ascertained；　they　organized　and　left　their　camps　along　Pawnee　Creek

about　the　3d　of　August。　　Traveling　northeast；　they　skirted　around

Fort　Harker；　and　made　their　first　appearance　among　the　settlers　in

the　Saline　Valley；　about　thirty　miles　north　of　that　post。　　Professing

friendship　and　asking　food　at　the　farm…houses；　they　saw　the

unsuspecting　occupants　comply　by　giving　all　they　could　spare　from

their　scanty　stores。　　Knowing　the　Indian's　inordinate　fondness　for

coffee；　particularly　when　well　sweetened；　they　even　served　him　this

luxury　freely。　　With　this　the　demons　began　their　devilish　work。

Pretending　to　be　indignant　because　it　was　served　them　in　tin　cups；

they　threw　the　hot　contents　into　the　women's　faces；　and　then；　first

making　prisoners　of　the　men；　they；　one　after　another；　ravished　the

women　till　the　victims　became　insensible。　　For　some　inexplicable

reason　the　two　farmers　were　neither　killed　nor　carried　off；　so　after

the　red　fiends　had　gone；　the　unfortunate　women　were　brought　in　to

Fort　Harker；　their　arrival　being　the　first　intimation　to　the　military

that　hostilities　had　actually　begun。



Leaving　the　Saline；　this　war…party　crossed　over　to　the　valley　of　the

Solomon；　a　more　thickly　settled　region；　and　where　the　people　were　in

better　circumstances；　their　farms　having　been　started　two　or　three

years　before。　　Unaware　of　the　hostile　character　of　the　raiders；　the

people　here　received　them　in　the　friendliest　way；　providing　food；　and

even　giving　them　ammunition；　little　dreaming　of　what　was　impending。

These　kindnesses　were　requited　with　murder　and　pillage；　and　worse；

for　all　the　women　who　fell　into　their　hands　were　subjected　to　horrors

indescribable　by　words。　　Here　also　the　first　murder