memoir of the proposed territory of arizona-第7部分

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Heintzelman　mine　took　the　premium　at　the　mechanics'　fair　in　San
Francisco；　just　closed；　where　the　ores　from　California　and　the
western　coast　were　on　exhibition。　So；　Arizona　leads　California；
the　great　mineral　State。

All　we　need　is　good　government　and　honest；　liberal　legislation　to
make　Arizona　equal　in　production　of　precious　metals；　if　not
exceed；　California。

　Yours　truly；　C。　D。　Poston。　　Lt。　Mowry；　U。　S。　A。


Fort　Yuma；　June　2；　1857。

News　has　just　come　in　from　the　Arizona　which　represent　an　awful
state　of　affairs。　During　the　time　Mr。　Belknap　was　below　at　Sonora
it　was　unsafe　for　him　to　go　out　unless　accompanied　by　his　friend；
Don　Gaudaloupe　Orosco；　and　even　then　it　was　very　dangerous。　No
news　from　Sonora　nor　even　an　arrival　for　the　last　twenty　days。
God　knows　what　is　going　on；　though　of　one　thing　we　are
certainno　American；　never　mind　whatsoever　he　may　be；　can　go
into　Sonora；　with　or　without　a　passport。

　Very　sincerely　yours；　P。　R。　Brady。
孉ug。　5；　1850。

The　condition　of　the　purchase　has　been　extremely　bad　since　the
unfortunate　and　injudicious　expedition　of　Crabbe　into　Sonora；　and
at　the　present　time　is　but　little　better　than　a　field　of　guerilla
warfare；　robbery　and　plunder。

The　exasperated　state　of　feeling　between　the　Mexicans　and
Americans　prevents　intercourse　and　commerce；　upon　which　the
Territory　is　dependent。　Americans　are　afraid　to　venture　into
Sonora　for　supplies；　and　Mexicans　afraid　to　venture　over　the
line。　Americans　who　had　nothing　to　do　with　the　fillibustering
invasion　have　been　treated　badly　in　Sonora　and　driven　out　of　the
country；　and　Mexicans　coming　into　the　purchase　with　supplies　and
animals　have　been　robbed　and　plundered　by　the　returned
fillibusters。

The　Americans　in　the　Territory　are　by　no　means　harmonious　on
these　subjectssome　in　favor　of　filibustering　and　others　opposed
to　it；　some　in　favor　of　murdering　and　robbing　Mexicans　wherever
found；　and　others　opposed　to　it。

It　results　that　we　are　in　a　state　of　anarchy；　and　there　is　no
government；　no　protection　to　life；　property；　or　business；　no　law
and　no　self…respect　or　morality　among　the　people。　We　are　living
in　a　perfect　state　of　nature；　without　the　restraining　influence
of　civil　or　military　law；　or　the　amelioration　of　society。

There　have　not　been　many　conflicts　and　murders；　because　every　man
goes　armed　to　the　teeth；　and　a　difficulty　is　always　fatal　on　one
side　or　the　other。　In　the　midst　of　all　this；　the　Government　has
blessed　us　with　a　custom　house　at　Calabazos　to　collect　duties
upon　the　necessaries　of　life　which；　by　chance　and　〃running　the
gauntlet；〃　we　may　get　from　Sonora。

God　send　that　we　had　been　left　alone　with　the　Apaches。　We　should
have　been　a　thousand　times　better　off　in　every　respect。

In　this　state　of　affairs　it　is　scarcely　to　be　expected　that　the
people　will　meet　together　in　a　convention；　there　was　no
arrangement　for　that　purpose　up　to　the　time　of　my　leaving；　and
none　could　be　made。

We　have　never　had　any　orders　of　election　from　Santa　Fe；　nor　heard
of　any　convention。

Yours　truly；　C。　D。　Poston。


Major　Fitzgerald；　U。　S。　A。；　whose　long　experience　on　the　Pacific
coast　makes　his　opinion　very　valuable；　in　a　letter　dated　Fort
Buchanan；　Arizona；　Sept。　17th；　1854；　says：

〃The　citizens　of　this　country　are　very　desirous　of　a　territorial
organization；　with　its　courts；　&c。　Murders　are　committed　and
stock　is　stolen　by　white　men　with　impunity。　There　is　no　court
nearer　than　the　Rio　Grande　（300　miles）　to　take　cognizance　of
crime。　Some　few　of　the　emigrants　of　this　year　have　remained　in
the　Santa　Cruz　valley。　More　would　have　done　so；　no　doubt；　if　they
had　not　started　from　the　States　originally　with　stock　for　the
California　market。

The　country　around　us　is　now　beautiful。　It　has　been　raining
almost　daily　since　the　1st　of　July；　and　the　vegetation　is　most
luxuriant。　Many　of　the　Mexican　citizens　come　over　the　line　for
purposes　of　trade；　bringing　flour；　fruit；　and　leather。　If　there
was　no　custom　house　at　Calabazas；　these　articles　could　be　had
very　cheaply。

We　have　very　excellent　gardens；　and　plenty　of　vegetables。　There
is　said　to　be　a　good　deal　of　cultivable　land　on　the　upper　Gila；
and　if　a　territory　is　created；　it　should　embrace　this。　This　would
also　include　a　large　part　of　the　Colorado　valley　above　the
junction　of　the　Gila。　That　you　may　succeed　in　your　wishes　with
regard　to　Arizona；　is　the　sincere　desire　of

　Your　friend　and　obliged　serv't；　E。　H。　Fitzgerald。〃

　Lt。　Mowry；　U。　S。　A。


A　subsequent　letter　from　Major　Fitzgerald　dated　Oct。　1st；　says
Tueson　contains　rising　five　hundred　inhabitants；　the　remainder　of
the　Santa　Cruz　altogether　enough　to　make　considerable　over　a
thousand；　independent　of　the　population　towards　and　upon　the　Gila
and　Colorado；　of　which　he　remarks；

〃You　know　more　than　I。〃　〃There　is　not　a　doubt　but　that　upon　the
location　of　the　mail　route；　there　will　be　a　considerable
emigration　to　this　country；　and　if　a　portion　of　Sonora　be
organized；　large　numbers　will　come　both　from　the　East　and　West。
The　country　is　an　excellent　one　for　stock　of　all　kinds；　of　which
there　were　great　numbers　where　the　Apaches　were　gathered　under
the　wing　of　the　Catholic　church。　The　valleys　of　Santa　Cruz；　San
Pedro；　and　Upper　Gila；　and　also　that　of　Messilla；　contain　large
bodies　of　productive　lands；　and　all　the　cereals　grow　luxuriantly
therein。　THAT　THERE　IS　MUCH　SILVER　IN　THE　TERRITORY　THERE　IS　NO
DOUBT；　but　it　requires　capital　to　develop　it。　As　yet　but　little
progress　has　been　made　in　mining。　Evidences　of　old　works　are　seen
on　many　of　the　water　courses；　but　operations　have　not　yet　been
recommenced；　except　at　Arizona；　Sopori；　and　Ariaola；　principally
because　the　country　is　very　partially　settled；　and　it　is　not　safe
to　be　at　any　distance　from　the　mass　of　the　population；　and　the
troops。　Copper　ore　is　found　in　many　localities；　but　little　gold
is　yet　discovered。　If　the　road　from　El　Paso　to　Fort　Yuma　be
located　by　Parke's　route；　as　many　suppose；　A　FINE　COUNTRY　WILL　BE
OPENED　on　the　Gila　and　Lower　San　Pedro；　which　will　produce　ample
supplies。　The　Territory　presents　no　difficulties　of　importance　to
the　successful　establishment　of　the　road。　Frequent　stations　and
PROPER　PROTECTION　ARE　ONLY　REQUISITE　TO　ENSURE　SUCCESS　AS
COMPLETELY　AS　THE　MOST　SANGUINE　ANTICIPATE。　Should　Sonora；　or
even　a　portion　of　it　be　organized；　this　will　be　one　of　the　most
pleasant　localities　of　our　country。　A　delightful　climate；　plenty
of　fine　fruit；　facility　of　supply　by　a　port　on　the　Pacific；
semi…weekly　mails　from　the　east　and　west；are　only　some　of　the
attractions　which　it　would　possess。

Sonora　is　quiet。　Many　of　the　wealthy　men　there　are　in　favor　of
annexation；　it　is　said；　but　they　have　to　keep　silent　on　the
subject　for　fear　of　noisy　patriots；　who　would　proclaim　them
traitors　at　once；　if　they　made　a　parade　of　their　inclinations。
The　San　Antonio　and　San　Deigo　mail　passes　through　Tueson　once　a
fortnight；　and　seems　to　have　met　with　no　important　obstacle　yet。
A　drove　of　mules　accompanies　it；　which　are　harnessed　in　turn。
When　regular　stations　are　established　its　speed　will　be　much
increased。　My　last　letter　was　not　written　with　a　view　of　the　use
being　made　of　it　you　mentioned；　yet　if　it　answers　a　good　purpose；
I　have　no　objection。　It　was　but　a　careless　note；　but　its　contents
were　truths；　nevertheless。〃　（This　note　demonstrated　the　facility
of　supply　for　the　Territory　from　the　Pacific。）
　　〃Most　truly　your　friend；
　　（Signed；）　E。　H。　Fitzgerald。〃


Tubac；　Gadsden's　Purchase；　22d　Oct。；　1857。

〃We　have　of　late　been　seriously　annoyed　by　the　Apaches。　Nearly
all　the　animals　belonging　to　the　citizens　residing　around　Fort
Buchanan　have　been　driven　off　by　the　Apaches。　They　are　very
impudent；　and　commit　their　depredations　in　broad　day…light；　talk
to　the　people　while　they　are　driving　off　the　animals；　and　always
escape　without　being　molested。

The　other　day　they　came　within　800　yards　of　the　Fort　and　looked
down　upon　it。

In　order　to　bring　them　to　terms　the　Government　ought　to　enlist
1000　Pinos　and　Papagos　to　accompany　the　military。　Indians　are　the
only　persons　who　can　successfully　traverse　these　mountains　and
hunt　up　their　hiding　places。　If　this　is　not　done；　they　will
surely　break　up　our　settlements　here。　Forts　ought　to　be
established　in　the　very　heart　of　the　Apache　country；　in　the
places　fit；　and　used　by　them　for　cultivation。　If　this　is　done　we
will　soon　bring　them　to　terms。

Until　now；　our　mining　establishments　have　not　been　molested　by
them；　and　we　are　going　on　in　high　glee。　This　is　undoubtedly　the
richest　silver　mining　country　in　the　world。　If　the　United　States
will　make　just　and　liberal　laws　for　us；　give　us　protection；
remove　those　trifling　and　unprofitable　custom　houses　on　the
frontier；　at　least　for　5　or　6　years；　procure　us　a　transit　through
Sonora　to　Guaymas；　and　hasten　along　the　rail…road　to　California；
this　will　indeed　be　a　prosperous　country；　and　will　astonish　the
world　with　its　production　of　silver　and　copper。　But　with　such
terrible　obstacles　as　those　mentioned　above　and　the　great　length
of　transit　to　transport　goods　over　the　roads　which　we　have　to
take　at　present；　progress　only　is　possible　for　such　as　find　mines
of　the　extraordinary　and　incredible　richness　of　the　Heintzelman
vein。　If　the　present　promises　of　few　of　these　mines　are　realized；
by　working　them　on　a　scale　commensurate　with　their　extent　and
richness；　I　have　no　doubt　but　that　they　will　equal　in　production
the　whole　silver　exports　of　Mexico。

I　think　an　appropriation　ought　to　be　made　to　sink　artesian　wells
through　the　Papagos　country；　between　San　Xavier　and　the　lower
Gila。　This　route　cuts　off　about　100　miles　from　the　best　route　via
the　Pinos　villages。　It　is　laid　down　on　my　map；　as　a　rail…road
route；　now　at　the　office　of　the　Sonora　Exploring　and　Mining
Company；　at　Cincinnati；　Ohio。

The　country　consists　of　a　succession　of　plains　and　isolated
mountain　ridges；　none　of　which　need　to　be　crossed。　In　fact　it　is
a　dead　level　to　Fort　Yuma；　and；　in　consequence；　no　grading　is
necessary。　There　is　scarcity　of　water；　but　the　soil　in　general　is
excellent　and　grass　abounds　all　along　the　line；　while　the
mountains　teem　with　minerals　of　the　richest　description。　The
oxides　and　the　sulphuret