孙子兵法(中英文对照版)-第7部分
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asked； they will do your will； without restrictions； they will be faithful； without giving orders； they can be trusted。
26。 Prohibit the taking of omens； and do away with superstitious doubts。 Then； until death itself es； no calamity need be feared。
27。 If our soldiers are not overburdened with money； it is not because they have a distaste for riches； if their lives are not unduly long； it is not because they are disinclined to longevity。
28。 On the day they are ordered out to battle； your soldiers may weep； those sitting up bedewing their garments； and those lying down letting the tears run down their cheeks。 But let them once be brought to bay； and they will display the courage of a Chu or a Kuei。
29。 The skillful tactician may be likened to the shuai…jan。 Now the shuai…jan is a snake that is found in the ChUng mountains。 Strike at its head； and you will be attacked by its tail； strike at its tail； and you will be attacked by its head； strike at its middle； and you will be attacked by head and tail both。
30。 Asked if an army can be made to imitate the shuai…jan； I should answer； Yes。 For the men of Wu and the men of Yueh are enemies； yet if they are crossing a river in the same boat and are caught by a storm； they will e to each other's assistance just as the left hand helps the right。
31。 Hence it is not enough to put one's trust in the tethering of horses； and the burying of chariot wheels in the ground。
32。 The principle on which to manage an army is to set up one standard of courage which all must reach。
33。 How to make the best of both strong and weak—that is a question involving the proper use of ground。
34。 Thus the skillful general conducts his army just as though he were leading a single man； willy…nilly； by the hand。
35。 It is the business of a general to be quiet and thus ensure secrecy； upright and just； and thus maintain order。
36。 He must be able to mystify his officers and men by false reports and appearances； and thus keep them in total ignorance。
37。 By altering his arrangements and changing his plans； he keeps the enemy without definite knowledge。 By shifting his camp and taking circuitous routes； he prevents the enemy from anticipating his purpose。
38。 At the critical moment； the leader of an army acts like one who has climbed up a height and then kicks away the ladder behind him。 He carries his men deep into hostile territory before he shows his hand。
39。 He burns his boats and breaks his cooking…pots； like a shepherd driving a flock of sheep； he drives his men this way and that； and nothing knows where he is going。
40。 To muster his host and bring it into danger： this may be termed the business of the general。
41。 The different measures suited to the nine varieties of ground； the expediency of aggressive or defensive tactics； and the fundamental laws of human nature： these are things that must most certainly be studied。
42。 When invading hostile territory； the general principle is； that penetrating deeply brings cohesion； penetrating but a short way means dispersion。
43。 When you leave your own country behind； and take your army across neighborhood territory； you find yourself on critical ground。 When there are means of munication on all four sides； the ground is one of intersecting highways。
44。 When you penetrate deeply into a country； it is serious ground。 When you penetrate but a little way； it is facile ground。
45。 When you have the enemy's strongholds on your rear； and narrow passes in front； it is hemmed…in ground。 When there is no place of refuge at all； it is desperate ground。
46。 Therefore； on dispersive ground； I would inspire my men with unity of purpose。 On facile ground； I would see that there is close connection between all parts of my army。
47。 On contentious ground； I would hurry up my rear。
48。 On open ground； I would keep a vigilant eye on my defenses。 On ground of intersecting highways； I would consolidate my alliances。
49。 On serious ground； I would try to ensure a continuous stream of supplies。 On difficult ground； I would keep pushing on along the road。
50。 On hemmed…in ground； I would block any way of retreat。 On desperate ground； I would proclaim to my soldiers the hopelessness of saving their lives。
51。 For it is the soldier's disposition to offer an obstinate resistance when surrounded； to fight hard when he cannot help himself； and to obey promptly when he has fallen into danger。
52。 We cannot enter into alliance with neighboring princes until we are acquainted with their designs。 We are not fit to lead an army on the march unless we are familiar with the face of the countryits mountains and forests； its pitfalls and precipices； its marshes and swamps。 We shall be unable to turn natural advantages to account unless we make use of local guides。
53。 To be ignored of any one of the following four or five principles does not befit a warlike prince。
54。 When a warlike prince attacks a powerful state； his generalship shows itself in preventing the concentration of the enemy's forces。 He overawes his opponents； and their allies are prevented from joining against him。
55。 Hence he does not strive to ally himself with all and sundry； nor does he foster the power of other states。 He carries out his own secret designs； keeping his antagonists in awe。 Thus he is able to capture their cities and overthrow their kingdoms。
56。 Bestow rewards without regard to rule； issue orders without regard to previous arrangements； and you will be able to handle a whole army as though you had to do with but a single man。
57。 Confront your soldiers with the deed itself； never let them know your design。 When the outlook is bright； bring it before their eyes； but tell them nothing when the situation is gloomy。
58。 Place your army in deadly peril； and it will survive； plunge it into desperate straits； and it will e off in safety。
59。 For it is precisely when a force has fallen into harm's way that is capable of striking a blow for victory。
60。 Success in warfare is gained by carefully acmodating ourselves to the enemy's purpose。
61。 By persistently hanging on the enemy's flank； we shall succeed in the long run in killing the mander…in…chief。
62。 This is called ability to acplish a thing by sheer cunning。
63。 On the day that you take up your mand； block the frontier passes； destroy the official tallies； and stop the passage of all emissaries。
64。 Be stern in the council…chamber； so that you may control the situation。
65。 If the enemy leaves a door open； you must rush in。
66。 Forestall your opponent by seizing what he holds dear； and subtly contrive to time his arrival on the ground。
67。 Walk in the path defined by rule； and acmodate yourself to the enemy until you can fight a decisive battle。
68。 At first； then； exhibit the coyness of a maiden； until the enemy gives you an opening； afterwards emulate the rapidity of a running hare； and it will be too late for the enemy to oppose you。
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12《孫子兵法》火攻篇第十二
孫子曰：凡火攻有五：一曰火人，二曰火積，三曰火輜，四曰火庫，五曰火隊。行火必有因，煙火必素具。發火有時，起火有日。時者，天之燥也。日者，月在萁、壁、翼、軫也。凡此四宿者，風起之日也。
凡火攻，必因五火之變而應之。火發于內，則早應之于外。火發而其兵靜者，待而勿攻。極其火力，可從而從之，不可從而止。火可發于外，無待于內，以時發之。火發上風，無攻下風。晝風久，夜風止。凡軍必知有五火之變，以數守之。
故以火佐攻者明，以水佐攻者強。水可以絕，不可以奪。
夫戰勝攻取，而不修其功者凶，命曰“費留”。故曰：明主懀е紝⑿拗７抢粍樱堑貌挥茫俏２粦稹Ｖ鞑豢梢耘d師，將不可以慍而致戰。合于利而動，不合于利而止。怒可以復喜，慍可以復悅，亡國不可以復存，死者不可以復生。故明君慎之，良將警之。此安國全軍之道也。
XII。 THE ATTACK BY FIRE
1。 Sun Tzu said： There are five ways of attacking with fire。 The first is to burn soldiers in their camp； the second is to burn stores； the third is to burn baggage trains； the fourth is to burn arsenals and magazines； the fifth is to hurl dropping fire amongst the enemy。
2。 In order to carry out an attack； we must have means available。 The material for raising fire should always be kept in readiness。
3。 There is a proper season for making attacks with fire； and special days for starting a conflagration。
4。 The proper season is when the weather is very dry； the special days are those when the moon is in the constellations of the Sieve； the Wall； the Wing or the Cross…bar； for these four are all days of rising wind。
5。 In attacking with fire； one should be prepared to meet five possible developments：
6。 （1） When fire breaks out inside to enemy's camp； respond at once with an attack from without。
7。 （2） If there is an outbreak of fire； but the enemy's soldiers remain quiet； bide your time and do not attack。
8。 （3） When the force of the flames has reached its height； follow it up with an attack； if that is practicable； if not； stay where you are。
9。 （4） If it is possible to make an assault with fire from without； do not wait for it to break out within； but deliver your attack at a favorable moment。
10。 （5） When you start a fire； be to windward of it。 Do not attack from the leeward。
11。 A wind that rises in the daytime lasts long； but a night breeze soon falls。
12。 In every army； the five developments connected with fire must be known； the movements of the stars calculated； and a watch kept for the proper days。
13。 Hence those who use fire as an aid to the attack show intelligence； those who use water as an aid to the attack gain an accession of strength。
14。 By means of water； an enemy may be intercepted； but not robbed of all his belongings。
15。 Unhappy is the fate of one who tries to win his battles and succeed in his attacks without cultivating the spirit of enterprise； for the result is waste of time and general stagnation。
16。 Hence the saying： The enlightened ruler lays his plans well ahead； the good general cultivates his resources。
17。 Move not unless you see an advantage； use not your troops unless there is something to be gained； fight not unless the position is critical。
18。 No ruler should put troops into the field merely to gratify his own spleen； no general should fi
