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It surveys some 10;000 students; 500 recruiters and; using a third 
survey; conducted online; asks schools for statistical information about their 
programmes。 Current surveys count for half the score and the previous 
two the balance。 Intellectual capital; one of the measures; is arrived at by 
calculating how many publications a school gets in 20 key journals and 
how many of their books are reviewed in the New York Times; or similar 
papers。 It ranks the top 30 US schools followed by a ‘second tier’ of 10 US 
schools and finally a further 30 US schools ‘also considered’。 Then e 
304 Appendix 
10 non…US schools followed by a ‘second tier’ of 5 non…US schools and 5 
non…US schools ‘also considered’。 The ranking bines students’ and 
recruiters’ views; with an academic rating; job placement; teaching quality; 
starting salary; campus facilities and a number of other measures to arrive 
at a final place in the league tables。 You can re…cast the rankings yourself; 
emphasizing the criteria that ma。。er most to you。 If you want to study 
outside the United States or that country’s immediate sphere of influence 
(the readership range of Business Week would be a good approximation); 
then this ranking will be of only limited use。 
Economist Intelligence Unit 
This magazine in the Economist stable produces the annual Which MBA 
Guide (h。。p://mba。eiu)。 Its top 100 schools are about 45 per cent 
American; 45 per cent European and 10 per cent from the rest of the world。 
Student and alumni ratings make up 20 per cent of the total ranking; and 
80 per cent is based on data provided by schools。 History has been built 
into the rankings by taking a weighted average; with the current year 
accounting for 50 per cent; the previous year 30 per cent and the year before 
that 20 per cent; in an effort to produce a more rounded evaluation。 Opening 
new career opportunities; personal development/educational experience; 
increase in salary and potential to network are the five categories used to 
rank schools。 Sub…headings within each area drill down to examine quality 
of staff; of fellow students and of the diversity of students and the overall 
education experience。 
Financial Times 
The FT (。。 》 Business education 》 Business school rankings) 
produces a top 100 global business school ranking as well as a top 60 European 
Business Schools。 It produces separate and bined rankings for 
schools with full… and part…time MBA programmes; Masters in Management 
and Executive Development Programmes。 The FT ranking is a highly 
plex mixture prising earnings increase; satisfaction; percent of staff 
with doctorates; percent employed at three months; number of women 
as students and on the faculty; proportion of international students and 
faculty; foreign language provision and research ranking。 To make any 
sense of the ranking takes time; but fortunately you can revise the ranking 
by eliminating some criteria。 However; all that doing that will achieve is 
a reordering of the existing schools; it won’t bring any more deserving 
candidates to your a。。ention。 Rankings are available back to 2002 so you 
can see who’s in and who’s out。
Appendix 305 
THE STANDARDS FOR BUSINESS SCHOOL 
APPLICANTS 
While you may not want to go to a top business school – hopefully a。。er 
spending 30 days working through this book you won’t need to either – you 
may find it forting to know that you could have got in had you wished。 
To get into Wharton; Harvard or Chicago in the United States; INSEAD; 
London Business School or Cranfield in Europe; or Nanyang Business 
School (Singapore) and Ipade (Mexico) you need to make the grade。 But 
what grade; exactly? 
Top business schools are looking for students with money; talent and 
ideally hard practical experience。 The precise standards vary; but a good 
first degree and at least three to five years working a。。er university; ideally 
with some managerial experience or exposure; are mandatory。 But as the 
top schools consider themselves to be in a world market for students; the 
challenge has been to find a world standard。 That’s where the Graduate 
Management Admissions Test (GMAT) es in。 For 1;800 business schools 
worldwide; the GMAT has been recognized for over 50 years as a proven 
and reliable measurement; to assess candidates’ skills and predict their 
success on MBA programmes。 
The GMAT is administered in 94 centres around the world and given 
under standard conditions with the highest level of security; to ensure that 
scores are parable across applicants。 It costs 250 to take; wherever the 
test is taken。 The test itself takes 2。 hours and prises tests in three areas: 
analytical writing (analysis of an issue and of an argument); quantitative 
section (problem solving and data sufficiency); and verbal (reading prehension; 
critical reasoning and sentence correction)。 The test is designed 
to measure verbal; mathematical; and analytical writing skills developed 
throughout education and work。 It does not measure business knowledge; 
job skills or any specific ability or university course work。 The test doesn’t 
a。。empt to assess subjective qualities such as motivation; creativity and 
interpersonal skills。 These areas are usually explored during the interview 
at the business school。 
So what score are top business schools looking for and how important 
is the test to ge。。ing in? Well; in the first place the scores are a moving goal 
post。 You are up against everyone else taking the test; so as the average 
scores move up so does the required score。 The average score is currently 
around 500。 Less prestigious business schools look for a GMAT score of 
550; and a score around 650 on the GMAT will make you a petitive 
candidate at most business schools。
306 Appendix 
Do business schools place much reliance on 
this test? 
Chicago Graduate School of Business looks for between 640 and 760; for 
example。 But a high score won’t guarantee a place; nor will a low one 
preclude admission。 As the Associate Dean of Student Recruitment & 
Admissions at one of the top five business schools says of the GMAT score; 
‘It’s just one piece of a plex puzzle。’ Harvard’s website says much the 
same。 ‘Every application is reviewed as a whole package。 We are admi。。ing 
candidates with personalities; not scores。’ 
Still; despite these remarks; business schools will always ask for a 
GMAT score。 The fact is that the test has worked well over time as a 
predictor of student quality and success。 GMAT is administered by the 
Graduate Management Admissions Council (gmac); whose list 
of governing schools includes around 200 of the world’s highest…ranking 
business schools; so this is in effect their own test。 
Improving a GMAT score 
You can improve your GMAT score and; as business schools will usually 
only ask to see your latest GMAT; you can take it as o。。en as you need to 
get the right score for your chosen school。 Around a fi。。h of GMAT tests 
are taken by people who have taken the test more than once within a year 
and; if you want; you can take the test up to five times within a 12…month 
period。 Unsurprisingly; a higher proportion; one in three; of people scoring 
between 500 and 540 are repeat test takers; indicating that they are looking 
for a place at a top school。 
Mike Byron’s excellent book; How to Pass the GMAT: Unbeatable Preparation 
for Success in the Graduate Management Admission (2007; Kogan Page); is 
remended reading。 As well as warm…up tests and tips on preparation; 
this book is full of helpful advice that goes well beyond just upping your 
score。 It’s vital to know; for example; that business schools will look beyond 
the single total score; looking for any significant imbalance。 So being 
absolutely brilliant at problem solving and useless in the verbal area could 
bar entry to some schools; even though the average score is high enough。 
Business schools’ individual tests 
Many schools have their own tests mirroring the GMAT。 The only logic for 
having these is to allow them to evaluate the small number of applicants 
who for any reason can’t take the GMAT before being interviewed。
academia 214; 286; 302 
accountants 14; 17–18; 21; 23; 65; 67; 73; 
129; 190 
accounting glossary 37 
accounts; ge。。ing 49 
acquisitions 52; 92; 132; 163; 185 
Advance Collegiate Schools 301–02 
advertising 
effectiveness 105 
strategies 103–04 
Alternative Investment Market (AIM) 68 
Altman Z…Score 47 
Amazon 82; 268; 280 
amortization 35 
Ansoff; Igor 270; 294 
Antai College of Economics & Management 
(ACEM) 7 
Apple puters 48; 63; 98; 219; 234; 241; 
262; 266; 280 
appraisals 154–55; 184 
Ashridge Business School 219; 285 
Aspen Institute 12; 303 
Asset Based Finance Association 60 
asset…stripping game 65 
Association 
to Advance Collegiate Schools of 
Business 301–02 
of MBAs (AMBA) 286; 301 
Audi 85; 97 
audit 23 
auditors 23; 67; 224 
average collection period 44 
Babson College 175; 215 
balance of payments 212 
balance sheet 3; 14; 17–18; 27–28; 32–35; 
37–39; 42; 49; 55; 61 
balanced score card 150 
bank accounts 56; 61 
Bank of England 261 
banking crises 163 
Bankruptcy Acts 176 
Barclays 93 
behaviour 69; 138; 166; 178; 185; 191; 201; 
221; 224–05; 247; 301 
below the line (BTL) 104 
Berkeley University of California 280 
Best Social Accounts 217 
beta factor 71–72 
Big Mac Index (BMI) 201 
Bilimoria; Karan (Lord) 73; 220 
Birch; David 4; 214 
Blake; Robert R 148 
blogs 117; 262; 280; 295 
Blooming Marvellous 86; 105; 146 
blue chip clients 110 
BMW 266; 299 
Bocconi 8; 233 
Body Shop International 82; 87; 97; 186; 188 
bonds 5; 57–58; 64; 69; 206 
bonus 14; 54 
bookkeeping 23–25; 165–66 
boom 201–02; 204 
boss 102; 109; 142; 144; 146; 168; 185 
Boston College 280 
Boston Consulting Group (BCG) 265 
Boston Matrix 271–72 
brainstorming 258 
brand 
loyalty 269 
value 97 
break…even analysis 14; 51 
British Airways 199; 204 
budget 77–80; 97; 112–13; 192; 207; 240 
Buffe。。; Warren 220; 266 
bureaucratic environment 133 
business 
angels 5; 62–63 
cycles 201; 204–05; 207 
environment 2; 4; 121; 166

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