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新概念英语第4册-第6部分

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sceptible to a fatal virus disease; myxomatosis。 By infecting animals and letting them loose in the burrows; local epidemics of this disease could be created。 Later it was found that there was a type of mosquito which acted as the carrier of this disease and passed it on to the rabbits。 So while the rest of the world was trying to get rid of mosquitoes; Australia was encouraging this one。 It effectively spread the disease all over the continent and drastically reduced the rabbit population。 It later became apparent that rabbits were developing a degree of resistance to this disease; so that the rabbit population was unlikely to be pletely exterminated。 There were hopes; however; that the problem of the rabbit would bee manageable。
    Ironically; Europe; which had bequeathed the rabbit as a pest to Australia; acquired this man…made disease as a pestilence。 A French physician decided to get rid of the wild rabbits on his own estate and introduced myxomatosis。 It did not; however; remain within the confines of his estate。 It spread through France; Where wild rabbits are not generally regarded as a pest but as sport and a useful food supply; and it spread to Britain where wild rabbits are regarded as a pest but where domesticated rabbits; equally susceptible to the disease; are the basis of a profitable fur industry。 The question became one of whether Man could control the disease he had invented。
            RITCHIE CALDER Science Makes Sense

New words and expressions 生词和短语
    settlement
n。  新拓居地
    enterprising 
adj。 有事业心的
    settler
n。  移居者
    Antipodes
n。  新西兰和澳大利亚(英)
    promiscuous
adj。 杂乱的
    abandon
n。  放任,纵情
    overrun
v。  蔓延,泛滥
    devastation
n。  破坏,劫掠
    burrow
v。  挖、掘
    susceptible
adj。 易受感染的
    virus
n。  病毒
    myxomatosis
n。  多发性粘液瘤
    infect
v。  传染
    epidemic
n。  流行病
    mosquito
n。  蚊虫
    carrier
n。  带菌者
    exterminate
v。  消灭
    ironically
adv。 具有讽刺意味地
    bequeath
v。  把。。。传给
    pest
n。  害虫,有害动物
    pestilence
n。  瘟疫
    confine
n。  范围
    domesticate
v。  驯养

参考译文
    在澳大利亚移民初期,一些有创业精神的移民不明智地把欧洲兔子引进了澳大利亚。这种兔子在澳大利亚及新西兰没有天敌,因此便以兔子所特有的杂乱交配迅猛繁殖起来。整个澳洲兔子成灾。它们在地下打洞,吃掉本可以饲养数百万头牛羊的牧草,给澳洲大陆造成了毁灭性的破坏。科学家们发现,这种特殊品种的兔子(显然不包括别的动物)易患一种叫“多发性粘液瘤”的致命毒性疾病。通过让染上此病的动物在洞内乱跑,就可以使这种疾病在一个地区蔓延起来。后来又发现,有一种蚊子是传播这种疾病的媒介,能把此病传染给兔子。因此,世界上其他地方在设法消灭蚊子的时候,澳大利亚却在促使这种蚊子大量繁殖。蚊子把这种疾病扩散到整个澳洲大陆,效果甚佳,结果兔子的数目在为减少。后来,明显看出,兔子对这种疾病已产生了一定程度的免疫力,所以兔子不可能被完全消灭。但是,已有希望解决兔子所带来的问题。
    具有讽刺意味的是,欧洲把这种兔子作为有害动物传给澳洲,而欧洲自己却染上了这种人为的瘟疫般的疾病。一位法国内科医生决定除掉自己庄园内的野兔子,于是引进了这种多发性粘液瘤疾病。然而,这种疾病并未被局限在他的庄园内,结果在整个法国蔓延开来。野兔在法国一般不被当作有害动物,而被视为打猎取乐的玩物和有用的食物来源。这种疾病又蔓延到了英国。在英国,野兔被当作有害的动物,可是家兔是赚钱的毛皮工业的基础,然而家兔同样易感染这种疾病。现在的问题是,人类能否控制住这种人为的疾病。

             Lesson 18
             Porpoises
               海豚

First listen and then answer the following question。
听录音,然后回答以下问题。

What would you say is the main characteristic of porpoises?

    There has long been a superstition among mariners that porpoises will save drowning men by pushing them to the surface; or protect them from sharks by surrounding them in defensive formation。 Marine Studio biologists have pointed out that; however intelligent they may be; it is probably a mistake to credit dolphins with any motive of lifesaving。 On the occasions when they have pushed to shore an unconscious human being they have much more likely done it out of curiosity or for sport; as in riding the bow waves of a ship。 In 1928 some porpoises were photographer working like beavers to push ashore a waterlogged mattress。 If; as has been reported; they have protected humans from sharks; it may have been because curiosity attracted them and because the scent of a possible meal attracted the sharks。 Porpoises and sharks are natural enemies。 It is possible that upon such an occasion a battle ensued; with the sharks being driven away or killed。
    Whether it be bird; fish or beast; the porpoise is intrigued with anything that is alive。 They are constantly after the turtles; who peacefully submit to all sorts of indignities。 One young calf especially enjoyed raising a turtle to the surface with his snout and then shoving him across the tank like an aquaplane。 Almost any day a young porpoise may be seen trying to turn a 300…pound sea turtle over by sticking his snout under the edge of his shell and pushing up for dear life。 This is not easy; and may require two porpoises working together。 In another game; as the turtle swims across the oceanarium; the first porpoise swoops down from above and butts his shell with his belly。 This knocks the turtle down several feet。 He no sooner recovers his equilibrium than the next porpoise es along and hits him another crack。 Eventually the turtle has been butted all the way down to the floor of the tank。 He is now satisfied merely to try to stand up; but as soon as he does so a porpoise knocks him flat。 The turtle at last gives up by pulling his feet under his shell and the game is over。
             RALPH NADING HILL Window in the Sea

New words and expressions 生词和短语
    porpoise
n。  海豚
    mariner
n。  水手
    shark
n。  鲨鱼
    formation
n。  队形
    dolphin
n。  海豚科动物
    unconscious
adj。 不省人事
    beaver
n。  海狸
    ashore
adv。 上岸
    waterlogged
adj。 浸满水的
    scent
n。  香味
    ensue
v。  接着发生
    intrigue 
v。  引起兴趣
    indignity
n。  侮辱
    snout
n。  口鼻部
    shove
v。  硬推
    aquaplane
n。  驾浪滑水板
    oceanarium
n。  水族馆
    swoop
v。  猛扑
    belly
n。  腹部
    equilibrium
n。  平衡
    butt
v。  碰撞
    crack
n。  重击


参考译文
    长期以来,海员中流传着一种迷信的说法,认为海豚会把快要淹死的人托到水面,救人性命;或在人们周围列队保护,使他们免遭鲨鱼伤害。海洋摄影室的生物学家指出,无论海豚多么聪明,认为它们有救人的动机可能是错误的。当它们偶尔把一个失去知觉的人推到岸边时,更大的可能是出于好奇或游戏,就像它们追逐被船首犁开的浪花一样。1928年,有人拍摄到了海豚像海狸一样把浸透水的床垫推上岸的情景。正如报道中所说,如果海豚保护人不受鲨鱼侵害,那么它们可能是出于好奇;而鲨鱼可能是闻到了可以美食一顿的香味。海豚和鲨鱼是天然仇敌,双方可能随之发生搏斗,搏斗结果是海豚赶走或咬死鲨鱼。
    海豚对凡是活的东西都感兴趣,不管是鸟、是鱼,还是野兽。它们经常追逐海龟,海龟则温顺地忍受着各种侮辱。一只小海豚特别喜欢用鼻子把海龟推到水面,然后像滑水板一样把海龟从水池的这一边推到那一边。几乎每天都可以看到一只小海豚把鼻子顶入一只300磅重的海龟的硬壳下面,拼命地把它翻过来。这并非易事,可能需要两只海豚合伙干才行。在另一场游戏中,当海龟游过水族馆时,第一只海豚从上方猛扑下去,用腹部撞击龟壳。这一下子把海龟撞下去好几英尺。海龟刚恢复平衡,第二只海豚又冲过来猛击一下。这只海龟最终被撞到池底。此时的海龟,只要能站起来就满足了,但它刚站起来,就被一只海豚击倒。海龟终于屈服了,将4条腿缩进壳内。游戏到此结束。
    
              Lesson 19 
         The stuff of dreams
             话说梦的本质

First listen and then answer the following question。
听录音,然后回答以下问题。

What is going on when a person experiences rapid eye…movements during sleep?

    It is fairly clear that sleeping period must have some function; and because there is so much of it the function would seem to e important。 Speculations about is nature have been going on for literally thousands of years; and one odd finding that makes the problem puzzling is that it looks very much as if sleeping is not simply a matter of giving the body a rest。 'Rest'; in terms of muscle relaxation and so on; can be achieved by a brief period lying; or even sitting down。 The body's tissues are self…repairing and self…restoring to a degree; and function best when more or less continuously active。 In fact a basic amount of movement occurs during sleep which is specifically concerned with preventing muscle inactivity。
    If it is not a question of resting the body; then perhaps it is the brain that needs resting? This might be a plausible hypothesis were it not for two factors。 First the electroencephalograph (which is simply a device for recording the electrical activity of the brain by attaching electrodes to the scalp) shows that while there is a change in the pattern of activity during sleep; there is no evidence that the total amount of activity is any less。 The second factor is more interesting and more fundamental。 Some years ago an American psychiatrist named William Dement published experiments dealing with the recording of eye…movements during sleep。 He showed that the average individual's sleep cycle is punctuated with peculiar bursts of eye…movements; some drifting and slow; others jerky and rapid。 People woken during these periods of eye…movements generally reported that they had been dreaming。 When woken at other times they reported no dreams。 If one group of people were disturbed from their eye…movement sleep for several nights on end; and another group were disturbed for an equal period of time but when they were no exhibiting eye…movements; the first group began to show some personality disorders while the others seemed more or less unaffected。 The implications of all this were that it was not the disturbance of sleep that mattered; but the disturbance of dreaming。
              CHRISTOPHER EVANS The stuff of dreams from The Listener

New words and expressions 生词和短语
    speculation
n。  推测
    literally
adv。 确实
    odd
adj。 奇特的
    tissue
n。  组织
    plausible
adj。 似乎有理的
    hypothesis
n。  假说
    electroencephalograph
n。  脑电图仪
    electrode 
n。  电极
    scalp
n。  头皮
    psychiatrist
n。  精神病学家
    punctuate
v。  不时介入
    jerky
adj。 急动的
    disorder
n。  失调
    imp

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