英语100篇精读荟萃(高级篇)-第2部分
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胧烂车闹种帧！ 。 商人院外活动集团成员控制国会。这在第五段中提到商人院外活动集团成员阻挠美国国会事先接受最终协议，但不是主题思想。
2。 A。 朱总理拒绝了他们的要求。见难句译注9。
B。 这三个地方批评过头。 C。 他们要求更多的保护。 D。 他们陷入困境。
3。 A。 矛盾。共和党一开始就反对。什么对中国该不该加入世贸组织持怀疑态度。第六段说得更露骨，时间不对。意思是他们想把整个事件看起来好象克林顿屈从于中国，忽视了“中国违反人权，宗教权，劳动权，偷窃核武器技术，把导弹组成部件买给美国的敌人”等事实。最后一段共和党一下子又所他们最终将会接受中国加入世贸组织以表示对整体美国的好感。不管是商人院外活动集团的作用，还是明确指出重开谈判的重要性。这一历史事件太重要绝不能因党争而失去机会。共和党纵然心中不愿，也不得不接受现实。心情是矛盾的。
B。 赞赏。 C。 不赞成。 D。 厌恶。
4。 D。 商界。第一段中就点出：商界领袖对失去这次机会火冒三丈。第二段中提到商界院外活动成员要以实实在在的协议来说服共和党国会，免得以党争告终。第三段明确指出：许多商界院外人士一方面对协议未签定表示失望，另方面又同意，还会更好的条件。各种和商界直接关系的高级官员对克林顿劝说。
第五段：纺织，金融股票，汽车以至电影等都是商界的要求。朱总理拒绝的就是商界要求。
第六段提及商界院外活动的成员制止国会事先接受最终协定。
最后一段又是商界使共和党联盟和白宫懂得此事的重要性。
5。 A。 美国将会作出让步，见上面注释。商人是绝对不会放弃中国市场的。
B。 美国会故意拖延以求取得更好的条件。这一点恐怕不会，见上文注释。朱总理的强硬立场，商人的见解。 C。 克林顿有签署批准中国入世之权。 D。 民主党赞成中国加入世贸，这两项都是事实。
Passage Two （Europe’s Gypsies； Are They a Nation？）
The striving of countries in Central Europe to enter the European Union may offer an unprecedented chance to the continent’s Gypsies （or Roman） to be recognized as a nation； albeit one without a defined territory。 And if they were to achieve that they might even seek some kind of formal place—at least a total population outnumbers that of many of the Union’s present and future countries。 Some experts put the figure at 4m…plus； some proponents of Gypsy rights go as high as 15m。
Unlike Jews； Gypsies have had no known ancestral land to hark back to。 Though their language is related to Hindi； their territorial origins are misty。 Romanian peasants held them to be born on the moon。 Other Europeans （wrongly） thought them migrant Egyptians； hence the derivative Gypsy。 Most probably they were itinerant metal workers and entertainers who drifted west from India in the 7th century。
However； since munism in Central Europe collapsed a decade ago； the notion of Romanestan as a landless nation founded on Gypsy culture has gained ground。 The International Romany Union； which says it stands for 10m Gypsies in more than 30 countries； is fostering the idea of “self…rallying”。 It is trying to promote a standard and written form of the language； it waves a Gypsy flag （green with a wheel） when it lobbies in such places as the United Bations； and in July it held a congress in Prague； The Czech capital。 Where President Vaclav Havel said that Gypsies in his own country and elsewhere should have a better deal。
At the congress a Slovak…born lawyer； Emil Scuka； was elected president of the International Tomany Union。 Later this month a group of elected Gypsy politicians； including members of parliament； mayors and local councilors from all over Europe （OSCE）； to discuss how to persuade more Gypsies to get involved in politics。
The International Romany Union is probably the most representative of the outfits that speak for Gypsies； but that is not saying a lot。 Of the several hundred delegates who gathered at its congress； few were democratically elected； oddly； none came from Hungary； whose Gypsies are perhaps the world’s best organized； with some 450 Gypsy bodies advising local councils there。 The union did； however； announce its ambition to set up a parliament； but how it would actually be elected was left undecided。
So far； the European mission is wary of encouraging Gypsies to present themselves as a nation。 The might； it is feared； open a Pandora’s box already containing Basques； Corsicans and other awkward peoples。 Besides； acknowledging Gypsies as a nation might backfire； just when several countries； particularly Hungary； Slovakia and the Czech Republic； are beginning to treat them better； in order to qualify for EU membership。 “The EU’s whole premise is to overe differences； not to highlight them；” says a nervous Eurocrat。
But the idea that the Gypsies should win some kind of special recognition as Europe’s largest continent wide minority； and one with a terrible history of persecution； is catching on 。 Gypsies have suffered many pogroms over the centuries。 In Romania； the country that still has the largest number of them （more than 1m）； in the 19th century they were actually enslaved。 Hitler tried to wipe them out； along with the Jews。
“Gypsies deserve some space within European structures；” says Jan Marinus Wiersma； a Dutchman in the European Parliament who suggests that one of the current missioners should be responsible for Gypsy affairs。 Some prominent Gypsies say they should be more directly represented； perhaps with a quota in the European Parliament。 That； they argue； might give them a boost。 There are moves afoot to help them to get money for； among other things； a Gypsy university。
One big snag is that Europe’s Gypsies are； in fact； extremely heterogeneous。 They belong to many different； and often antagonistic； clans and tribes； with no mon language or religion； Their self…proclaimed leaders have often proved quarrelsome and corrupt。 Still； says； Dimitrina Petrova； head of the European Roma Rights Center in Budapest； Gypsies’ shared experience of suffering entitles them to talk of one nation； their potential unity； she says； stems from “being regarded as sub…human by most majorities in Europe。”
And they have begun to be a bit more pragmatic。 In Slovakia and Bulgaria； for instance； Gypsy political parties are trying to form electoral blocks that could win seats in parliament。 In Macedonia； a Gypsy party already has some—and even runs a municipality。 Nicholas Gheorge； an expert on Gypsy affairs at the OSCE； reckons that； spread over Central Europe； there are now about 20 Gypsy MPS and mayors； 400…odd local councilors； and a growing number of businessmen and intellectuals。
That is far from saying that they have the people or the cash to forge a nation。 But； with the Gypsy question on the EU’s agenda in Central Europe； they are making ground。
1。 The Best Title of this passage is
＇A＇。 Gypsies Want to Form a Nation。 ＇B＇。 Are They a Nation。
＇C＇。 EU Is Afraid of Their Growth。 ＇C＇。 They Are a Tribe
2。 Where are the most probable Gypsy territory origins？
＇A＇。 Most probably they drifted west from India in the 7th century。
＇B＇。 They are scattered everywhere in the world。
＇C＇。 Probably； they stemmed from Central Europe。
＇D＇。 They probably came from the International Romany Union。
3。 What does the International Romany lobby for？
＇A＇。 It lobbies for a demand to be accepted by such international organizations as EU and UN。
＇B＇。 It lobbies for a post in any international Romany Union。
＇C＇。 It lobbies for the right as a nation。
＇D＇。 It lobbies for a place in such international organizations as the EU or UN。
4。 Why is the Europe mission wary of encouraging Gypsies to present themselves as a nation？
＇A＇。 It may open a Pandora’s Box。
＇B＇。 Encouragement may lead to some unexpected results。
＇C＇。 It fears that the Basgnes； Corsicans and other nations seeking separation may raise the same demand。
＇D＇。 Gyspsies’ demand may highlight the difference in the EU。
5。 The big problem lies in the fact that
＇A＇。 Gypsies belong to different and antagonistic clans and tribes without a mon language or religion。
＇B＇。 Their leaders prove corrupt。
＇C＇。 Their potential unity stems from “being regarded as sub…human”。
＇D＇。 They are a bit more pragmatic。
Vocabulary
1。 albeit 尽管，虽然
2。 outnumber 数字上超过
3。 ethnic 少数民族的成员，种族集团的成员
4。 Hindi 印地语
5。 misty 模糊不清的，朦胧的
6。 derivative 衍生的，派生的
7。 itinerant 逻辑的
8。 Romanesten 说吉普塞语的地方
Romanes 吉普塞语
Stan 地方
9。 outfit （口）组织，（协同工作）的集体
10。 local 地方（市，镇，县）政务委员会
11。 wary 谨慎的，机警的
12。 backfire 产生出乎意料或事与愿违的结果
13。 highlight 强调
14。 persecution 迫害
15。 catch on 了解，风行=to bee popular
16。 pogrom 大屠杀，集体迫害
17。 missioner 委员，调查团团员
18。 quota 定量，配额，限额
19。 snag （尖利突出物，抽丝）潜在的困难
20。 heterogeneous 由不同种类组成的
21。 antagonistic 有效对抗性的，对抗性的
22。 clan 氏族
23。 tribe 部落
24。 pragmatic 务实的，讲究实效的
25。 municipality 城市，镇，区属政府，自治区
26。 Rom 罗姆，即吉普塞人
难句译注
1。 Central Europe 中欧，如本文提及捷克，匈牙利，罗马尼亚等。
2。 European Union 欧盟。
3。 the EUs institutions 欧洲机构，如：European mission 欧盟委员会，European Council 欧盟理事会，European Parliament 欧洲会议，the Court of Justic 欧洲法院。4m=more than 4 million 四百多万。
4。 Unlike Jews； Gypsies have had no known ancestral land to hark back to。
＇结构简析＇ hark back to =to mention again or remember an earlier subject； event； etc。 吉普塞不知其祖先来自何方，而犹太人在《圣经》中已阐明了他们的历史。
＇参考译文＇ 吉普塞人和犹太人不同，他们没有可以回想起来的已知的祖居地。
5。 …the notion of Romanestan as a landless nation founded on Gypsy culture has gained ground。
＇结构简析＇ gain ground （on） 接近。
＇参考译文＇ 作为建立在吉普塞文化基础上的无疆地民族应该有一个说吉普塞语的地方。这种想法越来越为人接受。
6。 the International Romany Union 国际吉普塞人联盟
