英语100篇精读荟萃(高级篇)-第8部分
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ation to his times。 Still; that life was after all a predominantly religious one; a time which never neglected the belief that man was a rebellious and sinful creature in need of redemption; So deeply (one can hardly say “naively” of so sophisticated a writer) and implicitly religious is the Master that he is less able (or less willing) to present actual history realistically than is the author of the Brome “Abraham and Isaac”。 His historical sense is even less realistic than that of Chaucer who just a few years before had done for his own time costume romances; such as The Knight’s Tale; Troilus and Cressida; etc。 Moreover Chaucer had the excuse of highly romantic materials for taking liberties with history。
1。 Which of the following statements about the Wakefield Master is NOT True?
'A'。 He was Chaucer’s contemporary。
'B'。 He is remembered as the author of five or six realistic plays。
'C'。 He write like John Steinbeck。
'D'。 HE was an acplished artist。
2。 By “patristic”; the author means
'A'。 realistic。 'B'。 patriotic
'C'。 superstitious。 'C'。 pertaining to the Christian Fathers。
3。 The statement about the “secularization of the medieval drama” refers to the
'A'。 introduction of mundane matters in religious plays。
'B'。 presentation of erudite material。
'C'。 use of contemporary introduction of religious themes in the early days。
4。 In subsequent paragraphs; we may expect the writer of this passage to
'A'。 justify his parison with Steinbeck。
'B'。 present a point of view which attack the thought of the second paragraph。
'C'。 point out the anachronisms in the play。
'D'。 discuss the works of Chaucer。
Vocabulary
1。 clerically educated 受过教会教育的
2。 lore 口头传说,口头文字
3。 patristic 有关早期基督教领袖的
4。 vernacular 方言
5。 boisterous 喧闹的
6。 metrical 韵律的
7。 stanza 诗节
8。 medieval 中世纪的
9。 plight 悲惨的命运
10。 secularization 世俗化,脱离教会
11。 pastoral 乡村的
12。 bleak 荒凉的
13。 documentary 记录文献的
14。 monologue 独白
15。 burlesque 诙谐或游戏诗文的,讽刺或滑稽的
16。 Nativity 基督的诞生
17。 epilogue 收场白
18。 deference 敬意,尊重
19。 atavistic 返祖的,隔代遗传的
20。 slide back to 滑回,这里指返回
21。 raison d’etre 存在的理由
22。 all the same 即便如此
23。 paradoxical turn 自相矛盾的说法
24。 cloistered 隐居的
25。 contemplative 好冥想的人(如僧侣)
26。 the contemplative life 宗教上冥想的生涯
27。 redemption 赎罪
28。 mundane 世俗的,现世的
29。 erudite 博学的,饱学之士
30。 anachronism 时代错误,与时代不合的事物
难句译注
1。 Moreover; insofar as any interpretation of its author can be made from the five or six plays attributed to him; the Wake field Master is uniformly considered to be a man of sharp contemporary observation。
'结构简析' insofar 义:只能,在……范围,常和as 连用。Attributed 过去分词,这里指属于韦克菲尔德大师写的剧本。
'参考译文' 再则,就以五六本,被认为是韦克菲尔德?马斯脱所写的剧本为依据来分析说明这位作者,他是一位公认为对时代具有敏锐洞察力的戏剧作家。
写作方法和文章大意
这是一篇文学评论,评韦克菲尔德?马斯脱的戏剧。他是乔叟的同时代人,采用对比手法,作者对比了他和别的批评家对韦评价之差异来论证韦克菲尔德本人的观点,立场和作品的文体,语言,内容等各个方面。然后把他跟同时代人乔叟作比较,指出他的不足。
答案祥解
1。 C。 他象斯坦贝克一样写。第一段作者说他是一位公认的对当时代具有敏锐洞察力的作家。现在仍然享有盛名。主要在于“他对被压迫和被遗忘的人民的同情,有着对人物性格了解的犀利眼光,对日常方言的曲折转意的“耳朵”。他的幽默粗放而又喧闹,粗鲁而又愉快。因此,尽管他有意识的艺术效果(性),明显表现在他对复杂韵律和诗节的感受力上,人们仍然尊他为中世纪的斯坦贝克,对贫苦农民悲惨命运的疾首愤怒,给以毫不妥协地甚至野性地真实描述”。这段话说明,文内两位作家之共同点是在内容观点上。而不是指一样的艺术形式上。韦克菲尔德写的是诗歌形式——韵文,而斯坦贝克是小说和散文剧。所以说他像斯坦贝克那样写就错了。故选C。
A。 他是乔叟同时代人,见最后一句“他的历史观点的现实主义稍逊于乔叟。乔叟在几年前就为其时代写了一本传奇。” B。 他是作为五或六本现实之剧本的作者而为人纪念。本文第一句话“只能从他写的五个或六个剧本来说明这位作者。” D。 他是一位有成就的艺术家。
2。 D。 Patristic 义:为关于早期基督教领袖的。第一段中his Biblical and Patristic lore indicate的意思是“他那有关圣经和早期基督教领袖们的歌谣。”
A。 现实主义的。 B。 爱国的。 C。 迷信的。
3。 A。 在宗教剧中介绍世俗之事。见第二段中的secularization义:世俗化,脱离教会。这一整段都讲了韦剧中对世俗之事的描述:“拿剧本和作者两者一起讲的话,现在习惯于把他的剧本看作中世纪戏剧世俗化的一个顶点。因此,对他世俗化强调常以一个例子来说明,即他现实主义的描述12月24日一个寒冷的夜晚,在约克郡西区荒凉的山里的那种粗陋的习俗和乡村的生活;在常被人认为几乎是‘记录文献’的三个牧人三段连续的独白之后,批评家们继续认为他的现实主义在此时被强化到以讽刺嘲弄的口吻处理了基督的诞生。最后,作者收场白或事后的补充,对材料的来源圣经表示敬意。剧本又滑回到早期纯洁无邪(天真)的崇敬,一种返祖基调中去。事实上最后一幕不仅是全剧的高潮,也许还是“现实主义”引言存在的理由。”这一段清楚表明。批评者认为宗教只是作者的收场白,计划外的添加剂而已。
B。 表现渊博知识材料。 C。 应用当代材料。太笼统。当代也有宗教之事。
D。 介绍早期宗教题材。
4。 B。 表达抨击第二段思想的观点。这个问题最难回答,其所以选择B,是因为本人作者并不同意流行的观点。他在讲完“常规看法”有,用引导来谈“纪实文献”和“现实主义”。这说明作者之含义并不是这两个词的本义。这段最后一句话“事实上,最后一幕……”表明:最后一幕有宗教内容,而“现实主义”不过处于introductory阶段。第三段点明作者的观点“现在的戏剧表面上有许多支持世俗现实主义模式的观点。韦之‘现实主义’有一个自相矛盾的特点。他对人和书本的广泛的了解表明:“他不是与世隔绝,而是和时代紧密相连的。再说,那时的生活毕竟是全方位的宗教。那时代绝不会忽视这种信仰——人是叛逆和有罪的生灵,需要赎罪。大师是那么深沉含蓄的信奉宗教,因而他比布罗姆作者更不可能(更不愿)现实主义地表现真正的历史。他的历史感现实性甚至比乔叟更不现实主义。乔叟早在前几年为他的时代写了‘类似’骑士的故事”。“特罗依拉斯和克莱西德”等传奇。再说,乔叟以高度浪漫的材料为借口对历史事实任意处理。”所以说,我们可以期望作者在下面一步发挥自己的观点,抨击第二段的看法。
A。 他和斯坦贝克的比较是公平的。 C。 指出剧中时代错误。 D。 讨论乔叟作品。
Passage Nine (The Continuity of the Religious Struggle in Britain)
Though England was on the whole prosperous and hopeful; though by parison with her neighbors she enjoyed internal peace; she could not evade the fact that the world of which she formed a part was torn by hatred and strife as fierce as any in human history。 Men were still for from recognizing that two religions could exist side by side in the same society; they believed that the toleration of another religion different from their own。 And hence necessarily false; must inevitably destroy such a society and bring the souls of all its members into danger of hell。 So the struggle went on with increasing fury within each nation to impose a single creed upon every subject; and within the general society of Christendom to impose it upon every nation。 In England the Reformers; or Protestants; aided by the power of the Crown; had at this stage triumphed; but over Europe as a whole Rome was beginning to recover some of the ground it had lost after Martin Luther’s revolt in the earlier part of the century。 It did this in two ways; by the activities of its missionaries; as in parts of Germany; or by the military might of the Catholic Powers; as in the Low Countries; where the Dutch provinces were sometimes near their last extremity under the pressure of Spanish arms。 Against England; the most important of all the Protestant nations to reconquer; military might was not yet possible because the Catholic Powers were too occupied and divided: and so; in the 1570’s Rome bent her efforts; as she had done a thousand years before in the days of Saint Augustine; to win England back by means of her missionaries。
These were young Englishmen who had either never given up the old faith; or having done so; had returned to it and felt called to bee priests。 There being; of course; no Catholic seminaries left in England; they went abroad; at first quite easily; later with difficulty and danger; to study in the English colleges at Douai or Rome: the former established for the training of ordinary or secular clergy; the other for the member of the Society of Jesus; monly known as Jesuits; a new Order established by St; Ignatius Loyola same thirty years before。 The seculars came first; they achieved a success which even the most eager could hardly have expected。 Cool…minded and well…informed men; like Cecil; had long surmised that the conversion of the English people to Protestantism was for from plete; many—Cecil thought even the majority—had conformed out of fear; self…interest or—possibly the monest reason of all—sheer bewilderment at the rapid changes in doctrine and forms of worship imposed on them in so short a time。 Thus it happened that the missionaries found a wele; not only with the families who had secretly offered them hospitality if they came; but with many others whom their first hosts invited to meet them or passed them on to。 They would land at the ports in disguise; as merchants; courtiers or what not; professing some plausible business in the country; and make by devious may for their first house of refuge。 There they would administer the Sacraments and preach to the house holds and to such of the neighbors as their hosts trusted and presently go on to some other locality to which they were directed or from which they received a call。
1。 The main idea of this passage is
'A'。 The continuity of the religious struggle in Britain in new ways。
'B'。 The conversion of religion in Britain。
'C'。 The victory of the New religion in Britain。
'D'。 England became prosperous。
2。 What was Martin Luther’s religions?
'A'。 Buddhism。 'B'。 Protestantism。 'C'。 Catholicism。 'D'。 Orthodox。
3。 Through what way did the Rome recover some of the lost land?
'A'。 Civil and military ways。 'B'。 Propaganda and attack。
'C'。 Persuasion and criticism。 'D'。 Religious and military ways。
4。 What did the second paragraph mainly describe?
'A'。 The activities of missionaries in Britain。
'B'。 The conversion of English people to Protestantism was far from plete。
'C'。 The young in Britain began to convert to Catholicism
'D'。 Most families offered hospitality to missionaries。
Vocabulary
1。 evade 避开,回避
2。 creed 教义,信条,主义
3。 the Crown 原义皇冠